ARTICLES
CUSTOMERS EXPECTATION TOWARDS SERVICES OFFERED BY THE PANDYAN GRAMA BANK IN SIVAGANGAI DISTRICT
B. John Wilson
Abstract : The Indian banking industry is going through turbulent times. A decade of economic and financial sector reforms has strengthened the fundamentals of the Indian economy and transformed the operating environment for banks and financial institutions in the country. The banking industry, being very competitive, not only focuses on providing wide product lines to create competitive advantages, but also emphasizes the importance of its services, particularly in maintaining service quality. This study is a descriptive one. It attempts to find out customer expectation in the banking sectors based on the service dimensions namely tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. This research on service quality is carried out for Pandyan Grama Bank.
Full Text PDFPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING FOR PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT IN SPORTS
Satinder Paul
Abstract : Each activity of human being and therefore sports too is a performance of the personality as a whole with it. Sports is not just a function of organs, moving of muscles but also the psychology control of the activity with the fulfillment of the complex demands of sports by individual he is developing his performance suppositions necessary for that, the same time he is perfecting himself with that. Thus, each sports activity has effects on the individual more or less. Sports Psychology definitely plays an important role in helping competitive athletes to achieve greater success in National and International competitions. In scientific approach and basis of sports psychology an athlete shall have better help to achieve their objective. Sport psychologists present at the Conference meeting were generally skeptical about using psychological tests to identify talented sports persons. Some questioned the assumptions underlying talent – particularly the notion of an innate gift possessed by some and not others. That view tends to understate the roles of the coach and psychologist in developing sports persons skills, and does not sit comfortably with the view that, like other skills, psychological or mental skills must be practised in order to be used effectively. Those using psychological tests to recruit and select new staff for organizations usually do not set out to identify just those who are innately gifted or talented.
Full Text PDFEFFECTS OF FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN COPEPOD Oithona similis WITH INTAKE OF PHYTOPLANKTON
A. Murali Shankar
Abstract : Copepods are usually the major component of marine metazooplankton and the key link from primary producers to fish production in pelagic food webs. Copepod feeding behavior differs between life stages of the same species and similarly, the effect of environmental factors would be different depending on the developmental stage. Oithons similis were collected at a station in Dona Paula Bay (15° 27' N, 73°N, 48' E), west coast of India. These copepods after separation were maintained in 500 ml beaker containing 0.22μm filtered sea water with algae, Dunaiella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans. All experiments were performed at the same light and temperature (25 ± 2°C) conditions to the stock culture. After 24 hours wells were checked for the release of nauplii by gravid females. The nauplii were picked individually and placed in 24 well plates containing different food organisms. During the transfer observations were made for mortality and molt in each well. When a molt was observed, it indicates that nauplii or copepodite has moved to the next stage. The size was measure as total length using a binocular upright microscope. In the present study, the naupliar and copepodite development showed varying effect on their development and also it affected the size of the individual stages during development. The rate of survival was also maximum when reared with natural phytoplankton cells than compared to single species pure culture of phytoplanktons. It was also to be noted that the cell concentration of natural phytoplankton cells was comparatively low than pure culture of phytoplankton raised in the laboratory.
Full Text PDFEFFICACY OF ATORVASTATIN ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
N. Baskaran
Abstract : Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in the developed countries. C-reactive protein (CRP), markers of inflammation that have been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease. Atorvastatins have proved highly effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in both primary and secondary prevention studies. However, the magnitude of risk reduction associated with atorvastatins is greater than that predicted on the basis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering alone. A likely explanation for this effect is the anti-inflammatory action of atorvastatin. The present study was therefore designed to determine the effects of atorvastatin on CRP in patients with or at risk of CVD. Thirty patients with or without risk of CVD were recruited for the study of which fifteen belongs to control (untreated) and fifteen were test groups (patients who received atorvastatin 10 mg/day). The patients were followed for over a period of 4 weeks. For entire study population, CRP along with lipid profile were measured 1st day and at the end of 4th week of the treatment. There was significant reduction in the levels of both atherogenic lipoproteins and CRP as compared with control and untreated test group. The results of this study demonstrated that treatment with atorvastatin for CVD might significantly improve clinical outcomes in the group of patients. The findings from these studies should guide clinicians to more effective use of these agents in a greater variety of patients. The findings should be confirmed in a larger, prospectively studied cohort.
Full Text PDFCOMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF FLORFENICOL IN REDUCING MORTALITY DUE TO Yersinia ruckeri INFECTION IN RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) FRY
M. Haghighi
Abstract : During the spring of 2006 unusuall mortality outbreaks among rainbow trout fry (7 – 10 cm in length) occurred in three separate ponds from a farm in a region of Tonekabon city in Iran, resulting in mortality of 36.50% (range 29.79 to 49.73). Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri was diagnosed in rainbow trout fry. This disease is characterized by the presence of hemorrhages around the mouth and anus, at the base of the fins and on the surface of internal organs as confirmed by bacteriology. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of florfenicol (FF) in reducing mortality of rainbow trout fry with ERM disease. Efficacy was assessed by total mortality at the end of the treatment period and three days after withdrawal medication in which losses ceace. For this purpose, three ponds of the affected farm with a total of 5,328 rainbow trout fry were utilized. 1,752 fry in treatment group that received FF (10 mg/kg/day) medicated feed for 10 consecutive days and 1,859 in the positive control group that received oxytetracycline (OTC, 50 mg/kg/day) medicated feed for 10 consecutive days, and 1,717 in the negative or unmedicated feed group that no received any drugs. Results of trials indicated that a florfenicol medicated diet given to rainbow trout fry for 10 consecutive days resulted in effective control of ERM. There were significant differences between FF and OTC groups when compared with unmedicated group in reducing mortalities at the end of the treatment period (p<0.001 and p<0.01; respectively); however, there was no significant difference between the FF and the OTC groups at this time (p>0.05). The FF and the OTC groups were significantly more effective than unmedicated group in reducing mortality of the rainbow trout fry with ERM disease. The majority of deaths due to ERM disease occurred during the first day of period experiments. The FF reduced mortality to a lower level when compared to positive and negative control groups at the end of third days after withdrawal medication (p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively). Overall specific mortality was 0.11% for FF group, 0.69% for OTC group and 1.51% for unmedicated group in third days after withdrawal medication.
Full Text PDFFORAGING BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF FOUR SELECTED COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES IN KASARAGOD DISTRICT, NORTHWEST PART OF KERALA
N. Jeyaraj
Abstract : Commercially important demersal fish specimens were collected from the fish landing centre during January - March 2014 of Azhithala, Madakkara, Meenapees and Kasaragod. The samples were selected randomly and stored in boxes containing ice. The various food items recorded from the stomach of marine fishes such as Mugil cephalus, Nemipterus japonicas, Nibea soldado and Rastrelliger kanagurta. Generally, the food items found in the examined stomachs were grouped into sixteen categories namely crustacean, polychaetes, fish larvae, fish scales, fish eggs, bivalves larvae, gastropods larvae, zooplankton, siphonophores, amphipods, sand grains, digested matter, miscellaneous and decomposed unidentified tissue. The fish M. cephalus is carnivorous and the food comprises mostly organisms of the crustaceans along with fishes. It feeds mainly on fishes such as, gastropods, copepods (Acartia danae, Eucalanus attenuates and Labidocera minuta) and small prawn were as R. kanagurta feed on macroplankton including the larvae of shrimp and fish. The present finding shows that the It feeds mainly on small shrimps (15.35%), gastropods larvae (6.57%) and mysids (4.82%). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there exist complex food and feeding patterns in specific locations. This information is very important for those involved in the management of fishery resources as well as for the efficient exploitation of the species.
Full Text PDFEMERGING TRENDS OF THE ENTREPRENEURS - A REVIEW STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INFORMAL FAST FOOD SEGMENTS
K. Sethupathy
Abstract : This present research is an attempt to understand the impacts of informal fast food sector in India, focusing on creating entrepreneurship opportunities for low/uneducated, unemployed and rural migrant workers who would otherwise contribute nothing much to the local economic development. As personally experienced while having lunch at one of the roadside fast food in pushcart and hearing the entrepreneur’s story of how he engaged in this business, stimulated me to carry on the this work, and to showcase their impacts to the mainstream academia, which can further explore this sector deep. This exploratory study result shows that even though the majority of them in this sector is survivalists but yet reveals that they are engaged in this entrepreneurial activity with the motivation to be self-employed, also with the hope that this will increase their income and improve quality of life; while not being able to find jobs in formal sector. The growth-oriented entrepreneurs are able to create job opportunities for local as well as for urban migrant workers including women. This paper concludes that the informal fast food sector have been main sources of income for the entrepreneurs involved in the business and this sector have provided livelihood entrepreneurship opportunities for many in developing countries as well as contributing to local economic development. However, there are no proper definition informal fast food sectors, therefore this also suggest a typological definition which helps in collecting data and has relevant policy implications. In due course of the there were also many interesting findings have appeared, such as the challenges of these entrepreneurs, Gender distribution, sustainability issues, support system, motivational aspects, etc.
Full Text PDFCOGNITIVE PERCEPTION OF “I”DENTITY IN SALMAN RUSHDIE’S “MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN”
M. Thenmozhi
Abstract : This paper emphasizes the multiplicity of the prtogonist Saleem‟s identity which is paralleled with the multiplicity of the Nation. In “Midnight‟s Children”, the theme of illegitimacy in the private lives constitutes the concept of the multiculturalism. Narrator Saleem is born of Vinita, a Hindu wife of a magician singer by an Englishman, Methwold and nourished by Muslim parents. Thus, he is a mixture of world religions like Hinduism, Islam and Christianity. Metaphorically the narrator is endowed with plural identities and stands for post-colonial India. The major concern of Rushdie‟s novel is the part independent India obliviously plays in the story of the birth and upbringings of Saleem Sinai, which runs parallel to the story of the development of a newly independent nation. The hard situation of a nation is equalized through the sufferings of birth, tantrums of childhood, the anxiety of adolescence and the adulthood.
Full Text PDFA GLIMPSE ON THE CHALLENGES IN IMPLIMENTING I.C.T. IN SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Dr. Sanjeev Kumar
Abstract : This paper deals with the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in school education system. ICT is a global phenomenon, and children who are computer literate at an early stage of their lives might deal better with the modern 21st century. A sound knowledge of ICT makes it much easier for children to find and organize information. Many schools have dynamic and vibrant virtual learning methods which gives students access to study materials, skill questions, sample papers and assignments. Some schools even have smart interactive white boards for teaching. Children find it more interesting and become more adept in multimedia presentations when engaging with them in their assignments. The researcher discussed ICT as the need of the hour in Himachal Pradesh to gear up the schools education system and giving more opportunities to children to learn better. The main challenges related to finance, teachers‟ competency, administrative and social are being discussed in the thematic paper. The requirement of the trained staff, efficient equipments and need of motivation for using ICT in teaching – learning process are properly highlighted.
Full Text PDFMANAGERIAL ISSUES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS EXPORT IN INDIA
S. Rajamohan
Abstract : Agricultural sector plays vital role in the total contribution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India, because it is the primary sector in total foreign exchange earnings of India. An agricultural product has wider scope in the international market among the traded commodities. The export value of Agricultural products are slightly fluctuated in every year it is mainly for the reason of the exported volume of agricultural products are standardized from the beginning of the production process such as processing, grading and containerization and the final goods are handed over in the hands of buyer of imported countries. The researcher has used mean, S.D, Growth Rate, Compound Annual Growth Rate and so on. The study concluded that exported agricultural products foreign exchange earnings are fluctuated by way of increasing and decreasing rupee value in the market, unfavorable exchange rate and poor productivity of agricultural products, so effective measures to be taken to increase the agricultural export of India.
Full Text PDFAedes MOSQUITOES IN ARBOVIRAL EPIDEMIC PRONE AREA OF CHIDAMBARAM TOWN, CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
C. Makesh Kumar
Abstract : Mosquito borne disease, especially Dengue fever (DF), Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) caused major public health problems in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Aedes aegypti is the principle epidemic vector of dengue virus. Dengue is transmitted by the mosquitoes namely, Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae.polynesiensis of Ae.seutellaries, Ae (Finlaya) niveus. The present study investigates the diversity, seasonal prevalence, distribution and larval habitat of Aedes mosquito species in epidemic prone area of Chidambaram town, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu, India.
Full Text PDFMETHOD VALIDATION AND UNCERTAINTY REPORT FOR THE DETERMINATION AFLATOXINS IN MELON SEEDS
B.F. Ogunbanwo
Abstract : A method for Aflatoxins analysis in melon seeds based on the AOAC method for the extraction of aflatoxins in melon seeds was validated. The scope of validation and the criteria determined included limit of detection, limit of quantization, linearity of calibration, recovery, precision of the method was determined from repeatability and intermediated reproducibility studies. The uncertainty of the method was calculated from the data generated. The Aflatoxins G2, G1, B2 and B1 eluted with retention times of about 4.58, 4.93, 5.89 and 6.37 min with no significant interference for the limited number of samples analyzed. The LOD was determined to be about 0.24 ng AFB1/g, 0.10 ng AFB2/g, 0.38 ng AFG1/g and 0.38 ng AFG2/g with signal to noise ratio at 3 to1. LOQ was estimated to be 0.39 ng/g for AFB1, 0.17 ng/g for AFB2, 0.63 ng/g for AFG1 and 0.63 ng/g for AFG2 using the three times signal noise to peak height for aflatoxins. The precision and the bias of the method was 0.097 and 1.326 respectively while the expanded uncertainty was 0.242.
Full Text PDFA STUDY ON AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF CUSTOMERS TOWARDS E-TICKETING IN THOOTHUKUDI
A. Asok
Abstract : The rapid growth of internet users globally provides a bright prospect for e-marketers. According to a study from International Data Corp (IDC) more than 600 million people accessed the internet globally by the end of 2002 and spent more than US$1 trillion buying goods and services online (Straits Times, 2002). E-tickets substitutes the paper based flight coupon‟s by an electronic ticket image that is stored in the airline‟s database. The strategic question is to provide a better understanding about the influencing factors towards the customer‟s intention to purchase an e-ticket in Thoothukudi. The main objectives of study are to know the personal profile of the respondents, to find out the consumers purchasing behaviour of E-Tickets, to examine the reasons for purchasing E-Tickets, to analyse the attitude of the respondents towards E-Tickets to find out the problems faced by the respondents while purchasing E-Tickets to analyse the strategies developed by IRCTC in E-Ticketing and to offer suggestions to overcome the problems. 41 per cent of the respondents are working as a private employee. 62 per cent of the respondents are in the nuclear family system. 43 per cent of the respondents belong to the income group of 10,000 – 20,000. 28 per cent of the respondents are accessing internet each time for the business purpose.100 per cent of the respondents said that, they are booking the ticket through online. 42 per cent of the respondents are mainly conduct e-ticketing activities from home. 40 per cent of the respondents use e-ticketing few times in a month. The procedure for E-ticketing must be simplified, then only the illiterate people can use the E-Ticketing. In order to check the malpractice of the brokers proper norms must be framed by the transport authorities. The passengers should be permitted to pay the amount for E-Ticketing through all banks irrespective of nationalized and non-nationalised banks.
Full Text PDFFISHERIES INDUCED MORTALITY OF OLIVE RIDLEY (Lepidochelys olivacea), SEA TURTLE (ESCHCHOLTZ, 1829) ALONG THE POOMPUHAR COAST, TAMILNADU
Jayapal Gokulakrishnan
Abstract : Sea turtles are the ancient origin turtles are world wide distribute and are migratory in nature. It was reported that population of sea turtles has declined during the past century due to direct harvest, egg collection by catch in fisheries, turtles incidental capture in fishing gear, habitat loss and pollution. The Poompuhar coast is one of the sporadic nesting locations of Olive Ridley turtles recent days coastal development activities, tourism, beach armoring, development of fishing harbors, induced to decline the population of olive ridley turtles. This paper reviews the current status of fishing activities of the peoples, fisheries induced mortality of turtles and suggest the offshore and onshore activities and habitat destruction of the coastline were identified.
Full Text PDFEXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN FROM MARINE BYCATCH CRUSTACEANS EMPLOYING CHEMICAL METHOD
K. Jaganathan
Abstract : Chitin is a versatile compound and most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose. It has plenty of applications for its resourceful potentials especially as artificial skin, anti-cancer drug, waste water treatment agent, etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to extract chitin from trash crabs Calappa lophos, Dromia dehaani, Dorippe facchino and stomatopod Squilla spp. The chitin extracted from exoskeleton shells by demineralisation with acid treatment and deproteinisation with strong alkali treatment. The chitin yield was 37.1%, 27.7%, 8.97% and 24.18% from C. lophos, D. dehaani, D. facchino and Squilla spp. respectively. The extracted chitin was confirmed by FT-IR analysis compared with standard grade chitin. The quality examined by analysis of moisture, ash, protein and lipid contents. Surface of the chitin was examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Full Text PDFCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYOF MSME IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGES
S. Rajamohan
Abstract : The International Organization for Standardization, known as ISO, strategic advisory group on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) describes it as “a balanced approach for organizations to address economic, social and environmental issues in a way that aims to benefit people, communities and society.” CSR is not a new idea. However, CSR has never been more prominent on the corporate agenda than it is today. CSR was widely discussed in the last forty years of the twentieth century; the idea that business has societal obligations was evident at least as early as the twentieth century. The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as well as Large scale sectorsunits of business and it is a dominant part of Indian industry and contributing to a significant proportion of production, exports and employment. In this unites are differs from of one country to another and/or time to time another in the same country depending upon the pattern and stage of development, government policy and administrative set up of the particular country.
Full Text PDFEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL INCONSISTENCY IN PRIMARY EDUCATION (Case study on Kheda, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Panchmahal in Gujarat)
Kalpana Satija
Abstract : Education is a fundamental human requirements and key factor of human development. In this paper we obtained four districts for educational indicators performance in primary education out of them two are tribal districts of Gujarat. Gujarat is the chore model for economic development but not performing better in social development. Many parameters are affecting to inverse impact on social development. While discussing about human development, education and health are basic two components to measure the value of life achievement. The present study examines the regional disparities through performance of primary educational indicators by Principal Component Analysis and Pearson Correlation analysis. Through this study we found here tribal regions are in better position in primary education compare to non-tribal regions. The present paper examines various magnitudes of regional disparities and their measurement.
Full Text PDFPRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER FROM FISH OIL Rastrelliger kanagurta
G. Sathiya Rathna
Abstract : The need for alternative energy sources that combine environmental friendliness with biodegradability, low toxicity, renewability and less dependence on petroleum products has never been greater. One such energy source is referred to as biodiesel but the resources are in demand one of the excellent alternative area is aquatic resources are an abundant, low-cost raw materials for production of biodiesel. About 25% of the total production of marine capture fisheries is discarded ever year which are having enough potential for fuel extraction. Fish oil rich in PUFA its improve fuel flow fluidity at low operating temperatures, in the same time high PUFA cause deterioration leads to precipitation of the biodiesel. In the present study discussed with raw fish oil can be used for biodiesel production, oil extracted from R. kanagurta by direct steaming method and phospholipids were removed by refining process. Very little amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid like DHA (0.25%) and EPA (0.29%) was recorded in GC-MS, which was suitable for biodiesel production. Biodiesel was produced from the extracted fish oil after the chemical reaction of transesterification resulted in almost complete conversion of fish oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was observed.
Full Text PDFA COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MENTAL HEALTH AND PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AMONG RURAL BOYS AND GIRLS
Devraj Attri
Abstract : The purpose of this study was to investigate mental health and personality dimensions of rural boys & girls of Maharashtra State. A total of 150 samples in which 75rural boys and 75rural girls were selected from different schools from Patiala District of Punjab State .The age of the samples ranged from 13-18 years and all the samples were selected from random basis. To measure mental health of selected subjects, mental health inventory prepared by Agashe and Helode (1996) was used. To find out personality, Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (J.E.P.I) was preferred. Results found that rural girls having low amount of mental health compared to rural boys. Rural boys are more extroverted compared to rural girls and rural girls are less neurotic & having more tendencies to tell lie compared to rural boys.
Full Text PDFTEACHING ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS
D. Venkateswar Rao
Abstract : Grammar is an essential ingredient to learn English effectively. Grammar plays a vital role in Written Communication. To write flawless English one should know the rules and regulations of grammar. Professional Graduate Students need to write effective English for their career perspective. The World has changed drastically so English grammar is also need to change its structure. Indian students feel difficult to follow various rules and regulations of Language. English Lexicon and its Structure were originated from The Classical Languages of Greek and Latin. The rules of the British English Language haven’t changed yet. So the Global Student searches for other options. The new inventions like Internet, e-mail, show him a new path to get proficiency in English. Anew trend spread the entire world that is American English. It’s Lexicon; Structure is easy, clear and logically arranged Grammar. Technology, Science, book Publishing Houses, and all other areas update their English by American English. Still English Teacher and English Text book remain with Age old English Spelling Rules, Word order, Punctuation and conventional Grammatical Rules . Teaching Traditional English Grammar for Engineering, Management, Science Students are very difficult for English Teacher. The Students who belong to Technology are search for reality and ready to grasp information easily. Because of their IQ levels are high. So it is time to Revise English Grammar according to Latest Technology otherwise Grammar remains only in English Text Books and English Teacher’s Sur names. Our Ancient Civilization has given a wonderful gift. It is Sanskrit Language. Due to its Conventional Grammatical Rules it has submerged in the Global World. There is a big threat to British English Language not with People but with Latest Communication Technology. The three Classical Languages of the world, Sanskrit, Greek and Latin has vanished because of its Conventional Lexicon, Grammar. In this HI-TECH World there is no place for Traditional Rules, King’s English, Queen’s English, Traditional English but only one English, it is Logic based Technical English.
Full Text PDFNGO FOREIGN CONTRIBUTION TO AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN INDIA
A. Saravanan
Abstract : The purpose of this study is to analyze the foreign contribution for enhancing sustainable management of NGOs for Agricultural activity in India and various programs for the year 2004 – 2012. The sustainability of Agricultural activity through NGO is identified for analysis in this paper. In this study, formidable challenges in NGO foreign contributions for sustainability of Agricultural activity is considered as a major factor. So, the purposes considered for the study are: Agricultural activity. It is imperative that NGO is a primary sector to manage the sustainable development of the rural society, hence FCGR (foreign contribution growth rate) is considered as key factor to depict the growth rate of NGO contribution purported for the above mentioned study. The trend of the growth rate is determined for analysis. The results show that sustainable management of Agricultural projects must be improved according to foreign contribution received by NGO’s in India.
Full Text PDFWEB PAGE DATA EXTRACTION AND CATEGORIZATION WEB PAGES USING RULE BASED CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM
Nirav Prajapati
Abstract : A day, World Wide Web is the comprehensive information pool, but the data on internet is in unstructured or semi structured form and the useful data must be needed to be captured, stored and make in useful meaning. This poses a great challenge how to extract useful information from the web, which is in the form of unstructured or semi-structured and to identify the information is related to topic. Web page categorization is the process of categorizing web page into predefined categories based on their content. Here we are focusing on the extracting the unstructured web page data from URLs and other links, which are associated with URLs and stored them into database. This stored content remove stop words, repeated word and performing stemming on it and generate new dataset of those stored content. This dataset is matched with the pre-decided domain data dictionary and classifying according to the algorithm and matching rules for deciding it relevant category.
Full Text PDFAESTHETIC RESPONSE TO THE TRANSLATION – MODERN INTERPRETATIONS
G. Mohana Charyulu
Abstract : Nowadays, Translation is the most emerging area of presenting and exposing the ideas of one language to the other. Actually it is not new in Western or Eastern Literature and Languages. It is named differently at different places like translation, transcreation, transference, and co-creation and so on. Translation is not only appreciation and interpretation in a postcolonial situation but a means of empowerment. Post colonial societies accommodate multiple identities. One can express multiple thoughts individually with different tones. At the present juncture, world needs Translation of all the literature into target language and vis-versa. Generally, the theory of Translation proposes that a translated text should be evaluated basing on the independent status it reflects in the target language and also its impact on the target culture. The Post Colonial Translation has two interdependent aspects i.e. translation of world literature into the Regional Literature and translations from Regional Literature to World literature. I would like to present at the beginning of my article titled “Aesthetic Response to the Translation – Modern Interpretations” the origin of practice of Translation from the beginning to 20th century in a bird‟s eye view. Later I switch on to the various theories of translation practiced by scholars through different ages to the modern times. I conclude certain notions in practice while translation and their modern interpretations with the theory of aesthetic response to the translation.
Full Text PDFWORD WAR AND SOLUTIONS
C. Ramakrishnan
Abstract : Words in English language are unimaginable. There are about a million words in English language. But it is impossible to have knowledge of all these words. Moreover it is not necessary also. But learning word list or vocabulary is essential for the students to communicate freely. Vocabularies are of many kinds. Words of everyday usage can be called Active vocabulary and words used in news reporting, magazines, journals can be termed as passive vocabulary. Words have difficult meanings to follow are called strangers. Words which are heard for the first time that make confusion what they really mean, are called Foreigners. This makes speakers to fear about words. Moreover in rural areas students feel as they are in the war front while they are asked to speak in English. Speaking tasks includes mini-lectures, role-play, facing interview, group discussion, seminars and interactions in the class room. This article shows that such activities can be done through vocabulary learning.
Full Text PDFSYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF Spirulina platensis ON PERFORMANCE AND GUT MICROBIAL LOAD OF BROILER CHICKS
B. Shanmugapriya
Abstract : The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of Spirulina platensis on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in eight hundred, one-d-old, Ross 308 male broiler chicks raised from 1 to 36 days of age. There were 4 dietary treatments; (i) Control, (ii) 0.5% of Spirulina platensis (5 g/kg feed), (iii) 1% of Spirulina platensis (10 g/kg feed) and (iv) 1.5% of Spirulina platensis (15 g/kg feed). Weight gain and feed intake of the broilers were significantly influenced by the addition of 1% of Spirulina platensis. The results suggest that supplementation of 1% of Spirulina platensis to diets for growing broilers might enhance counts of LAB and yeast in the gut. In addition, the 1% of Spirulina platensis to diets might have a negative effect on E. coli.
Full Text PDFDEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR: A CASE STUDY IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT
C. Rajanikanth
Abstract : According to Human Development Report 2008, the HDI of India is 0.619 and was ranked 128 out of 177 countries. Human development, though a macro concept has micro implications. At the micro level, human development is considered to be mainly organizational in nature, which is referred to as Human Resource Development. In the development of individuals lies the development of organizations as well as of nations. The economic development cannot be accomplished in developing countries unless they have well educated and trained, highly achievement motivated and properly developed human resources. In HRD organizations, every supervisor has the responsibility to ensure the development of his or her subordinates in relation to the capabilities required to perform their jobs effectively. Generally, the supervisor schedules individual meetings with each employee to discuss the employee’s performance, communicate the performance areas that need attention, and jointly establish areas to be worked on or goals to be achieved by the next scheduled discussion. The present paper deals with the impact of training and development on the employees in the manufacturing sector.
Full Text PDFTECHIES FANTASY - REPLICA OF THE EARTH…!
Sk. Saleem Babu
Abstract : TECHIES FANTASY - REPLICA OF THE EARTH…!
Full Text PDFA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VOCATIONAL INTEREST OF +2 STUDENTS IN RELATION TO AREA
Chetna Bharti
Abstract : The present study has been undertaken to study the vocational interest of +2 students in relation to area. The sample consists of 200 students of +2 class (100 boys and100 girls) from Government and Private schools of Ludhiana and surrounding villages. Vocational Interest Record developed by Dr. S.P. Kulshreshta was used to collect data. Results supported the hypothesized relationship fully. They are discussed at length in the paper. Results show the influence of area on the vocational interest of students.
Full Text PDFCOMPARISON BETWEEN EFFECTS OF DIFFRENT ARM EXTENSION ANGLES ON TRICEPS CONTRACTION THROUGH DIGITALISATION
Sukhjivan Singh
Abstract : The purpose of this study was to examine the comparison between effects of different arm extension angles on triceps contraction. The experimental model of the exercise schedule was realized two times in week, over a period of four week and the duration of each individual exercise was fifteen minutes. To attain the objective of the study, 24 boys of three different gyms from two different cities of Punjab (India) who were members of gym from past one year were selected randomly. The age of the subjects lies between 20 to 22 years. To estimate the effect of two arm angles on triceps contraction, tool of measurement tape test was used. To find out the significant difference between two arm angles, post-test of triceps contractions was applied. For this t-test was calculated on significant error at level of significance 0.05. Result of the study revealed that there is significant difference between both arm angels. It was found that more effective angle for triceps contraction was PNS angle.
Full Text PDFTEACHER-PARENTAL SUPPORT, STUDY HABITS, APTITUDE FOR AND ATITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS AS CORRELATES OF MATHEMATICAL ACHIEVEMENT
Rajni Bala
Abstract : The present paper includes the study of teacher-parental support, study habits, aptitude for and attitude towards mathematics as correlates of mathematical achievement. Random sampling technique was used to study the present problem. Sample was collected in two stages. At first stage, data was collected for construction and standardization of mathematical aptitude test and attitude towards mathematics scale. At second stage, 756 students of 10+1 class of Arts and Science faculties from different schools situated in rural and urban area of boys and girls of Punjab state constituted the sample of the study. Teacher-parental support scale, study habits inventory, mathematical aptitude test and attitude towards mathematics scale were used as a research tools. Major findings of the study are discussed at the length of paper.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF CEMENT DUST POLLUTION ON CERTAIN PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CASTOR PLANT (Ricinus communis)
P. Premalatha
Abstract : Cement kiln dust is one of the sources of air pollution in our country and as a consequence the people living in and around such kilns suffer from chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, headache and even lung cancer. Cement kiln dust released to the environment along with smoke contains many particulate, gaseous and liquid pollutants which act as potential cytotoxic and mutagenic agents causing chromosomal damage leading to the formation of various types of chromosomal abnormalitities. Cement kiln dust is a serious air pollutant and several researches have been carried out to study the effect of cement kiln on crop yield, morphological, anatomical, biochemical and reproductive changes in various plants.
Full Text PDFCOMPARATIVE MACRONUTRIENT, MICRONUTRIENT AND BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ANALYSIS OF Arachis hypogaea
V. Seshadri
Abstract : Ariyalur, known as cement city is surrounded by cement factories and limestone mines. These act as the sources of dust and particulates in and around the living place. To know about the extent of dust pollution, a common plant Arachis hypogaea was found to be one of the plant which is higher in number. The leaf area of control plant was 39.8 cm and that of affected plant were 21.71 cm. Similarly, the shoot length was 114.8 cm for control and for affected plants it was 37.3 cm. the number of leaves happens to be 14 and 11 in the control and affected plant. When the plant samples were analyzed for various parameters the amount of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total sodium, total nitrogen, total sodium, Total calcium, Zinc, Iron magnesium, alkaloids Glycosides, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll was higher in the normal plants when compared with the affected plants. The values seen that the affected plants were 2.11%, 1.67% 0.29%, 5.1%, 4.52%, 45%,13% , 0.32%, 0.06%, 4.365 × 10-4 mg/g and 3.4 × 10-4 mg/g respectively.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE WATER ON SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION - A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
N. Shakila
Abstract : Dusts from the cement industry emitted into the atmosphere reach the plants surface as dry and wet sediments and affect the vegetation. The influence of the pollutants depends upon their composition, qualitative properties and amount as well as the soil’s buffering capability. In the composition of dust emitted from the cement industry, the percentage of alkaline components is high. Hence, the soil pH values were observed in the range of 7.9. In the soil, electrical conductivity was about 13.8 m mhos during the month of December. The phosphorus content of 6, 9 and 16 kg/ha was recorded in sewage water irrigation, and control was observed 8.50, 9 and 10 kg/ha. The nitrogen content of 570, 615 and 1250 kg/ha was recorded in sewage water irrigation, and control was observed 460, 485 and 489 kg/ha. The Ca content of 0.14, 0.15 and 0.24 kg/ha was recorded in sewage water irrigation, and control was observed 0.21, 0.13 and 0.14 kg/ha. The mg content of 0.12, 0.16 and 0.18 kg/ha was recorded in sewage water irrigation, and control was observed 0.12, 0.13 and 0.14 kg/ha. The Potassium content of 300, 381 and 990 kg/ha was recorded in sewage water irrigation, and control was observed 273, 275 and 300 kg/ha.
Full Text PDFTHYMOL, A MONOTERPENE PHENOLIC COMPOUND AMELIORATES DERANGED GLYCOPROTEIN METABOLISM IN HFD-INDUCED DIABETIC IN C57BL/6J MICE
Leelevinothan Pari
Abstract : The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of thymol on deranged plasma and tissues glycoprotein components in HFD-induced diabetic mice. Thymol, a monoterpene phenolic compound found in the oils of thyme with multiple biological properties especially antidiabetic activity. Diabetes was induced by continuous High Fat Diet (HFD) for 15 weeks and the treatment given for last 5 weeks thymol by orally intragastric tube. A significant increase in glycoprotein components such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid in plasma was noticed in HFD-induced diabetic mice. In hepatic and renal tissues, a significant decrease in sialic acid with increase in other glycoprotein components was observed in diabetic mice when compared with control mice. Oral administration of thymol significantly reversed the glycoprotein levels in plasma and tissues of HFD-induced diabetic mice to near normal. From this study, we conclude that thymol ameliorates deranged glycoprotein metabolism in HFD-induced diabetic mice.
Full Text PDFBENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF TYROSOL ON PLASMA LIPID PEROXIDATION AND NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Ramasamy Chandramohan
Abstract : In the present research, we evaluated the beneficial effects of tyrosol on altered plasma lipid peroxides and non-enzymatic antioxidants in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight). Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were treated with tyrosol (5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (600 μg/kg body weight) orally once a day for a period of 45 days. Diabetic rats also showed a significant increase in plasma glucose and lipid peroxidation products and a significant decrease in plasma insulin and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Tyrosol treatment near normalized all the biochemical parameters studied. Tyrosol (20 mg/kg body weight) revealed the most significant effect than the other two doses. Thus, the present study exhibits the antilipid peroxidation and antioxidant effects of tyrosol in the circulation of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF HEAVY METAL, NICKEL CHLORIDE ON PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID LEVELS IN GILL, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF FRESHWATER FISH, Oreochromis mossambicus (PETERS)
M. Muthulingam
Abstract : The universal problem is the environmental pollution and most important pollutants are the heavy metals in aquatic network because of their toxicity, accumulation and bio-magnification by aquatic animals. Domestic, industrial and anthropogenic activities are broadly become the source of natural aquatic systems contamination of heavy metals. Proteins occupy a unique position in the metabolism of cell because of the proteinaceous nature of all the enzymes which mediate at various metabolic pathways. The aim of the present study was to assess the protein and amino acid levels in gill, liver and kidney of Oreochromis mossambicus was exposed to sub-lethal concentration of nickel chloride for the period of 10, 20 and 30 days. The fish exposed to nickel chloride showed a decrease the protein and increase the amino acid levels for 10, 20 and 30 days in gill, liver and kidney. The objective of the present work was to observe the effect of nickel chloride on protein and amino acid levels in the gill, liver and kidney of freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF GAMMA RAYS ON MITOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOUR OF ROOT TIP CELLS IN Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don.
S. Murugan
Abstract : The mitotic effect of physical mutagen gamma rays was observed in the root tip cells of Catharanthus roseus. The Chromosome analysis has been showed as an important tool for establish variability of the plant seed by use of physical mutagen gamma rays. The gamma rays have of low wavelength and high penetrable power. The plant has tremendous medicinal values and it is known from ancient times. The dry and well matured seeds of C.roseus were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays viz., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 KR respectively. The chromosome number of control plant is 2n = 16. The gamma rays affect the normal cytological behaviour of C. roseus species. The chromosomal aberrations increase with increase in the doses of gamma rays to optimum level of 30 KR, because it causes changes in the chromosome structure, cellular structure and metabolism of plants. The chromosome aberration like, Sticky metaphase, Precocious moment chromosome, Fragments, Anaphasic bridge, Anaphasic laggard, Telophasic laggard. The present investigation was carried out to study the cytogenetic analysis of the species C.roseus.
Full Text PDFSTUDIES ON THE STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CUO NANOPARTICLES BY SIMPLE CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHOD
G. Viruthagiri
Abstract : We report the synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by simple chemical precipitation route using the copper acetate precursor. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the synthesized particles were spherical and particle size was in the range of 24 nm. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) results showed the functional groups required for the reduction of copper ions. UV - DRS is reported from the synthesis CuO nanoparticles and optical results show the bandgap energy (Eg) is 1.94 eV. The photoluminescence spectrum display a broad emission at 527 nm indicates green emission. The morphology of the product was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis. The magnetic measurements indicated that the obtained CuO nanostructures are found to be room temperature ferromagnetism (RTF). The results reveal that B. subtilis shows the maximum inhibition up to 10 mm of the synthesized CuO product.
Full Text PDFFACTORS INFLUENCING CAR PURCHASE DECISIONS OF RURAL CONSUMERS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS IN TIRUPPUR DISTRICT
N. Krishnaveni
Abstract : As many developments and changes taking place around us, within all the industries and firms, within each industry trying to keep pace with the changes and diverse needs of the people. Though for the decades together, marketers have regarded „customer‟ as the king and evolved all activities to satisfy him or her, this concept is gaining more momentum and importance today. Not only has competition become intense but over and above with the market being flooded with many me-too products, the challenge before the marketer is to understand the diversity of consumer behaviour and offer goods/service accordingly. Thus the success of the firm will be determined by how effective it has been in meeting the diverse consumer needs and wants by treating each customer as unique and offering products and services to suit his or her needs. Consumer is an individual who buys products or service for personal use and not for manufacture or resale. Today, all the firms are engaged in a process of creating a life time value and relationship with their customers.
Full Text PDFSCREENING OF PHYTOHORMONES BY Pseudomonas fluorescens FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF PADDY IN AND AROUND TIRUVANNAMALAI
S. Shahira
Abstract : This present study shows isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens from various rhizosphere samples were made on different locations of Tiruvannamalai district. The rhizobacterial isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens characterize and analyses the ability of screening Phytohormones, estimate Indole acetic acid, Gibberellic acid, Siderophore productions and screening the antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The rhizobacterial isolate PF 8 (38 mm in dm) showed maximum zone of inhibition followed by PF 2 (35 mm in dm).
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) FOR THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET FLAG (Acorus calamus L.)
P. Prakash
Abstract : The effect of microbial for the improvement of growth consisting plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) like Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter were tested separately and in combination on Acorus calamus for pot culture experiment. The plant height, number of rhizomes, rhizome length and rhizome yield of Acorus calamus. All the growth parameters were recorded on 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 330 DAP period of Acorus calamus when compared to the uninoculated control. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibit direct and indirect mechanisms as plant growth promoters and biological control agents. Direct mechanism by PGPR, include the provision of bio-available phosphorus for plant uptake, nitrogen fixation for plant. The results of this study suggest that the PGPR applied in combination have yield of Acorus calamus.
Full Text PDFPHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA (PGPB) FROM MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE
R. Shanmugam
Abstract : In the present research about 40 isolates of PGPB from the bacterial group namely Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, were isolated from the maize rhizosphere and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus was isolated roots of maize and all the isolates tested for phosphate solubilizing efficiency. Among the PGPB organisms Azospirillum failed to show efficiency in phosphate solubilization and remaining 30 isolates showed phosphate Solubilizing efficiency and among which G. diazotrophicus showed and recorded with maximum values for phosphate solubilization compared with other PGPB isolates. Further the efficiency of these isolates must be exploited under different environmental conditions namely in field.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF INDUCED MUTAGENESIS ON QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILLI Capsicum annuum (L). var- K1 IN M2 GENERATION
T. Aruldoss
Abstract : Induced mutation by gamma irradiation and EMS has been found to be a very useful technique for crop improvement. Apart from this, the proper use of induced mutation in plant breeding has become a profitable approach. For the present study, the seeds of Chilli var K1 were subjected to different doses (20 kR, 30 kR, 40 kR, 50 kR, 60 kR and 70 kR) of gamma rays are and different concentration (10 Mm, 20 Mm, 30 Mm, 40 Mm, 50 Mm and 70 Mm) of EMS. This investigation was carried out to determine the effect of gamma rays and EMS on plant height, number leaves per plant, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, days to first flowering, total number of fruits per plant, fruit length , fruit girth average dry fruit weight, hundred seed weight. All parameters evaluated and showed a significant differences among the different dose /concentration of mutagenic treatments. EMS was found to be quite effective in inducing genetic variability in M2 generation than gamma rays. The results revealed significant difference in all the traits studied. The study further revealed that the use of EMS is an effective approach for creating improved varieties in chilli.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE ON THE INHIBITION OF FUNGAL GROWTH IN BAKERY PRODUCTS
D. Prem Kumar
Abstract : Bakery products are valuable source of nutrients. Bakery products are considered as a source of carbohydrates because starch is the main chemical constituent. Bakery products are subjected to spoilage problems. Mould spoilage is a serious and costly problem for bakeries. The stability of bakery products against the attack by fungi is mainly due to preservatives. Propionates were effective in controlling mold growth on the surface of bakery products. In the present study, the effect of chemical preservative Calcium propionate against the bakery food spoilage fungi was tested in different concentrations, pH and temperature respectively. Among the various concentrations 0.25%, pH 7.5 and 20 °C was highly effective in the control of Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Mucor sp.
Full Text PDFTHE FLAVONOID TROXERUTIN AMELIORATES HYPERTENSION, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LIPID METABOLISM IN L-NAME HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Boobalan Raja
Abstract : The present study was undertaken to assess the antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effect of troxerutin (TX) on Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced hypertension in male wistar rats. Hypertension was induced by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight [bw]) dissolved in drinking water daily for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with different doses of TX (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bw). Hypertension was manifested by considerably increased diastolic blood pressure. L-NAME treated rats showed significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL) and significant decrease in the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E in plasma. TX supplementation throughout the experimental period significantly restored all the above alterations. The effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw of TX was more pronounced than that of the other two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg bw). No significant effect was observed in control rats treated with TX (100 mg/kg). These results of the present study conclude that TX acts as a protective agent against hypertension, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats.
Full Text PDFA MÖSSBAUER STUDY ON BLENDED TERNARY CEMENT PASTE
R. Nithya
Abstract : Pastes containing High Alumina Cement (HAC), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Silica fume (SF) blends are recorded for different hydration time intervals. The environmental iron-ion in this blend for certain selected samples is identified with the measurements from quadrapole splitting, Isomer splitting using Mossbauer spectra. The recorded spectra were compared with the observed mechanical measurements of these blends. The hydration kinetics is well explained through these results. It is evidenced that 10%SF addition is optimum for this blend.
Full Text PDFSELECTION OF EFFICIENT AM FUNGI TO ENHANCE THE XANTHOPHYLL CONTENT OF MARIGOLD (Tagets erecta L.)
R. Ramlakshmi
Abstract : Xanthophyll are the typical yellow pigment leaves that play major role in the metabolism of plants. The different Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were screened for their mutualistics effect with marigold (Tagets erecta L.) var. Salem lemon yellow. The present investigation was carried out in Pot culture house, Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University. Five AM fungal species were used Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mossae, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus versiforme and Acaulospora laevis. All the inoculated seedlings showed significant results over control after 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting. Tagets erecta L. (Var. Salem lemon yellow) seedlings raised in the presence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi showed highest root colonization percentage, spore number, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, relative mycorrhizal dependency and xanthophyll content compared to uninoculated control plants. It was observed that Glomus fasciculatum the best AM fungal Symbiont for marigold plants compared to the others.
Full Text PDFA STUDY ON CONSUMER CONTENTMENT TOWARDS AIRTEL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VELLORE TOWN
S. Bharathithasan
Abstract : The project entitled “A study on Consumer Contentment towards Air tel in Vellore town" was carried out with an objective to determine the consumer preference and contentment. The primary objective of this study is to find out the consumer preference and contentment. Towards Air tel with special reference to Vellore town. For distribution of questionnaire to the consumer convenience sampling method was used to select the consumer and the survey was taken among those selected users. After collecting the data from the respondents it was analyzing using simple percentage method for analyzing the collected data.
Full Text PDFSTUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ORGANIC INPUTS IN YIELD MAXIMIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF RHIZOSPHERE MICROFLORA IN OKRA cv. Arka anamika
P. Sivasakthivelan
Abstract : Indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides has caused health hazards to human, besides deteriorating the soil, groundwater and environment ecology. Thus, there is need to integrate and balance supply of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and biofertilizers for sustaining productivity and soil health and also supplementing a part of chemical fertilizer requirement through these resources. An investigation was carried out to study the influence of organic inputs in okra at the vegetable field unit of the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. Okra seeds of cv. Arka Anamika were used in this investigation. The experiment was conducted as a field study in Randomized block design (RBD) with 12 treatments in three replications. The treatments include bulky organic manures, concentrated organic manure, biofertilizer consortium, foliar organic nutrients and chemical fertilizers. The bulky organic manures used were FYM (12.5 and 25 t ha-1) and vermicompost (2.5 and 5 t ha-1). The concentrated organic manure used was neem cake (1 t ha-1). Panchakavya (3 %) and humic acid (0.2 %) were tried as foliar nutrition. Farmyard manure, vermicompost, biofertilizers consortium and neem cake were applied basally. Foliar spray was given three times starting from two weeks after sowing at 15 days interval. Among the various treatments tried, application of farmyard manure @12.5 t ha-1 plus vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 plus biofertilizers consortium @ 2 kg ha-1 plus neem cake @ 1 t ha-1 along with humic acid @ 0.2 per cent (foliar spray) resulted in increasing the yield of okra. This was followed by the treatment which received application of farmyard manure @12.5 t ha-1 plus vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 plus biofertilizers consortium @ 2 kg ha-1 plus neem cake @ 1 t ha-1 along with panchakavya @ 3 % and the treatment which received application of chemical fertilizers. The microbial population in post harvest soil was maximum with the application of farmyard manure @12.5 t ha-1 plus vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 plus biofertilizers consortium @ 2 kg ha-1 plus neem cake @ 1 t ha-1 along with humic acid @ 0.2% (foliar spray).
Full Text PDFSCREENING OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MACROALGAE AGAINST Candida albicans AND Candida glabrata
D. Sekar
Abstract : The marine biodiversity provides an important source of chemical compounds which have large number of therapeutic applications like antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Sea weeds or marine algae are potentially prolific sources of highly biologically active secondary metabolites that might represent useful leads in the development of new pharmaceutical bioactive compounds. The antifungal activity of selected marine macroalgae crude extracts was studied against two pathogenic yeasts. The selected marine macroalgae crude extracts showed zone of inhibition against pathogenic yeasts viz., Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The crude methanolic extract of Padina gymnospora showed maximum mean zone of inhibition against pathogenic yeasts. The crude methanolic extract of Padina gymnospora showed best against pathogenic yeasts.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES ON THE INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF DAIRY PRODUCT SPOILAGE BACTERIAL STRAINS
J. Bhuvaneswari
Abstract : Milk is the common universal product with more commercial demand, regardless of the source, adding important protein content (casein) to the various age peoples for their diet. The microbiological characteristics and quality of the milk and milk products are very important to the consumer. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of organic acids (Acetic acid, Lactic acid and Sorbic acid) and chemical preservatives (Potassium sorbate, Sodium nitrate and Sodium propionate) on the growth of the dairy product spoilage bacterial strains were studied. The diameter of the inhibition zone of all the bacterial strains increased with increase in concentration of organic acids from 1000 to 5000 μg ml-1. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lowest zone of inhibition was recorded in Campylobacter jejuni.
Full Text PDFMGNREGA- THE SUCCESSFUL JOURNEY TOWARDS DECADE
Dr. N. Radhakrishnan
Abstract : Mahatma Gandhi NREGA is a powerful instrument for inclusive growth in rural India through its impact on social protection, livelihood security and democratic empowerment. Over the decade, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has delivered the largest employment programme in human history, which is unlike any other in its scale, architecture and thrust. Its bottom-up, people-centred, demand-driven, self-selecting, rights-based design is new and unprecedented. Never have in such a short period so many crores of poor people benefited from a government programme. The study also depends on the reports published by the Government of India. Performance of MGNREGA is evaluated for the period 2006-07 to 2015-16 by considering number of persons employed, categories of persons employed.
Full Text PDFBUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA’S MOST INNOVATIVE COMPANIES
Gounder Rajendra
Abstract : The importance of an innovative business model increases continuously and innovative business models are getting greater significance among both the researchers and managers. Furthermore, customer participation is broadly used as source of the competitive edge. This paper combines these aspects and concentrates on understanding how customer participation can be used when developing, innovating and adding services to a business model. Due to globalization, competition continuously increases among companies and especially among industrial companies. New players appear particularly from emerging and developing countries. In addition to cheaper production costs in developing countries, the level of knowledge rises, which causes new challenges for the firms of industrialized countries. The competitive edge of industrialized countries can no longer be based on an expertise in technology only, because developing countries already compete for market share with sophisticated technology. In order to differentiate from competitors, business should be somehow unique. This can be achieved by exploiting a business model concept. Thus, the cutting edge lies in an extraordinary business model, which either explicitly or implicitly addresses the internal competencies of the firm.
Full Text PDFTHE SUCCESSFUL JOURNEY TOWARDS INCLUSIVE GROWTH OF MGNREGS IN TAMIL NADU
Dr. N. Radhakrishnan
Abstract : Mahatma Gandhi NREGA is a powerful instrument for inclusive growth in rural India through its impact on social protection, livelihood security and democratic empowerment. In Tamil Nadu, the MGNREGS is so far known for its high participation of women and socially marginalised groups. Now, there is one more reason for its popularity. The state has consciously included the eligible differently - abled persons in the wage employment programme. This is a measure to reduce poverty among households with differently - abled persons, and indirectly boosting the self-confidence of the individual to be able to contribute to the family income. Out of the 55 lakhs households given wage employment, nearly 1.25 lakhs are differently - abled. Consistent efforts are on to identify left-out eligible differently-abled persons with the help of the District Rehabilitation Officers for inclusion. Though, there are issues on the flip side of MGNREGS implementation in the state, the overall observations at the ground is quite satisfactory. The state has created exemplary models for effective implementation of the scheme which may be replicated in other parts of the country. The state over a period of time has experimented lot of strategies which yield the finest result since 2006-07 to till now. The study also depends on the reports published by the Government of India. Performance of MGNREGA was evaluated for the period 2006-07 to 2015-16 by considering number of persons employed, categories of persons employed.
Full Text PDFFABRICATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE NANORODS FROM LAND- SNAIL SHELL (Helix pomatia) ASSISTED BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
D. Benny Anburaj
Abstract : A highly inexpensive nano sized hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 was synthesized from the mixture of cheaply available calcium precursor of land-snail shell (Helix pomatia) with di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 assisted by microwave irradiation. The grained powder of land–snail shell was dissolved in diluted hydrochloric acid and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution was slowly added to the mixture while maintaining the pH at 9 - 10 using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), followed by microwave irradiation for 30 min. The residue was collected and calcined at various temperatures from 500 -1100 °C for 2 hrs, after the decomposition of the organic fragments and carbonate phases; the expected hydroxyapatite was afforded as nanorod of 10 – 20 nm scale with quantitative yield. Synthetically this protocol would have much precedence than other procedures since it is more facial and convenient method involving such a biological waste material of discarded land snail-shell. The, final products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM) and Thermo gravimetric (TG-DTA) analysis. Further, the XRD pattern clearly confirms the formation of hydroxyapatite from the land-snail shell.
Full Text PDFMORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND DNA BARCODING STUDY OF Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) FROM LOWER ANICUT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
V. Sudha
Abstract : DNA barcoding is a global standard tool in taxonomy based DNA sequences and its usefulness for identification of species. Genus Labeo morphologically complicated and it still not fully resolved genus. While, several described species and other species of within genus are very difficult to delimit due to overlapping in morphological characters and complex of color patterns towards Labeo kontius and Labeo fimbriatus are very similar. With this, we have a complete photographical image for mainly helpful an identification tool for field collection. Now, morphological species identification for within group has been a unique controversial. In this, the next focus specifically a paucity of fish taxonomists and all paving by way of molecular diagnostic tool namely DNA barcode for effective taxa delimitation. Herein, the present phylogenetic analysis of Labeo calbasu based on the short standardized segment and 5' region of mtDNA COI gene fragments. Moreover, the present work discussing about to identify species through mtCOI gene to discriminating the wild species Labeo calbasu from Cauvery waters (Kollidam river), Lower Anicut, Tamil Nadu. Finally, it is a complement current results provide evidence that mtCOI gene are more effective for rapid and accurate identification of species and certain discrimination were found this species that need for further taxonomic investigation.
Full Text PDFFREE RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFICACY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF Ficus racemosa BARK
A. Poongothai
Abstract : Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. Modern research is now directed towards natural antioxidants originated from plants due to safe therapeutics. Antioxidant activity of different organic extracts of Ficus racemosa (FRE) bark was investigated for its free radical scavenging activity by adopting various in vitro models such as 1, 1-diphenyl, 2- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was found to be more effective in the ethanolic extract than that of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. The ethanolic extract showed maximum scavenging activity for DPPH followed by nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Due to its safety and potent activity, it is worth in incorporating this extract in herbal formulations for hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. This potent antioxidative role might be due the active secondary metabolites of ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa bark.
Full Text PDFPRINCIPLES AND CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY – A REVIEW
M. Muthu Kumari
Abstract : Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that deals with nanometer (nm) sized material. Nanotechnology is one of the most important scientific fields today since it combines knowledge from the fields of Physics, Biochemistry, Materials science, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Informatics and Engineering. It is considered as an emerging technology due to the possibility to advance well-established products and to create new products with totally new characteristics and functions with vast potential in a wide range of applications. Nanoparticles are considered as building blocks of the next generation of technology with applications in many sector. Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology and its unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity. Nanoparticles are extremely tiny with a size in the range of 10 to 1000 nm. They exhibit more surfaces to volume ratio and due to this they show extraordinary properties which are different from bulk materials. It plays a major role in the development of innovative methods to produce new products to substitute existing production equipment and to reformulate new materials and chemicals with improved performance resulting in less consumption of energy and materials and reduced harm to the environment as well as environmental remediation. Nanotechnology based nanoparticles have various applications in Agriculture, Environmental chemistry, Food science, Veterinary medicine, Marine, Medicine detection, Industries and many others. This brief review tries to summarize the most recent developments in the field of applied nanomaterials, in particular their application in various sectors, and discusses their commercialization prospects.
Full Text PDFDECOLORIZATION OF TEXTILE DYE BY CHITOSAN EXTRACTED FROM Aspergillus niger
G. Simla
Abstract : In this present study, chitosan was extracted from Aspergillus niger and was applied in the decolourization of the textile dye. Chitosan was extracted from mycelia of Aspergillus niger which was allowed to grow in the Potato dextrose agar medium. Then, the fungal isolate was transferred to Yeast peptone glucose (YPG) broth for the highest production of chitosan which was then confirmed through FTIR analysis. Chitosan is a polysaccharides which was found primarily as the main component of the fungal cell wall. It has excellent properties such as non-toxicity and high anionic dye binding capacity. Chitosan has a massive range of application in textile industries particularly decolourization of textile dyes. This present research was aimed to study the decolourization of the textile azo dye Malachite green by Chitosan which was extracted from the fungal mold Aspergillus niger isolated from spoiled coconut.
Full Text PDFEFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF MANGANESE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) IN SALINE SODIC SOIL
S. Sathiyamurthi
Abstract : The present study was aimed to explore the effects of different levels and sources of manganese on growth and yield of cotton in saline sodic soil. A pot experiment was conducted with four levels Mn (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) was applied through three different sources namely manganese sulphate, Mn- EDTA and Mn-humate. The experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The cotton variety LRA5166 was grown as test crop. The growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index (LAI), number of monopodial branches plant-1, number of sympodial branches plant-1 and number of squares plant -1, yield parameters like number of bolls per plant, boll weight and yield of cotton were recorded at appropriate stages of crop growth. The seed cotton yield, lint yield and seed yield were recorded in each pot separately. The results of the study indicated that application of Mn significantly increased the growth and yield parameters of the cotton. Among the three sources, manganese humate recorded the highest mean plant height, Leaf area index, Number of monopodial plant-1, Number of sympodial plant-1 and Number of squares plant-1 as compared to other two sources.The treatment supplied with 2.5 mg Mn kg-1 as Mn- humate recorded the highest yield parameter. This was on par with the treatment applied with 1.25 mg Mn kg-1 as Mn-humate. This results of the experiment concluded that the application of 2.5 mg kg-1Mn as humate was the optimum dose of Mn to maximize the productivity of cotton in a saline sodic soil.
Full Text PDFPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND In vitro ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF Martynia annua L.
M. Ramya
Abstract : Free radicals act as an chemicals they are highly unstable and it cause damage to other molecules by extracting electrons from them in order to attain the stability. Antioxidant plays a vital role in protecting the biological systems against the development of more chronic diseases and disorders. The aim of the present study was to screen the phytoconstituents, and to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of various parts of Martynia annua plant belonging to the family Martyniaceae. The in vitro antioxidant activity of MaF, MaL and MaS was measured by means of the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH assay. The phytochemical investigation of oil of M. annua revealed the presence of glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids compounds. Among this MaF shows the antioxidant activity than the MaL and MaS. The outcomes justifies the flower M. annua is a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Full Text PDFETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU
J. Nithyadevi
Abstract : Traditional medicines practices are possibly the most ancient practitioners of traditional medicine in India and in general are the primary health-care providers to a majority of the rural population and a substantial segment of the urban population in the country. An ethno-botanical survey of traditional medicinal plants were used in the treatment of various diseases in village peoples in some villages of Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu was conducted. The information was collected on the basis of personal interviews with traditional healers and village elders. The investigation revealed that 84 plant species belonging to 34 families are commonly used in the treatment of different diseases. The collected medicinal plants have been arranged alphabetically according to botanical name, followed by common name, vernacular name along with organs used, mode of preparation and utilization. The medicinal plants were mostly used for the treatment of stomach ache, menstrual problem, skin disease, viral infection, head ache, fever and ulcers.
Full Text PDFBLOOD TYPE AND LEVEL OF ANXIETY AMONG ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Santosh B. Gaikwad
Abstract : The objective of this study examines the relationship between blood type and anxiety level of engineering students. There were 200 students, forbachelor degrees of engineering as sampleselected through random sampling technique. Blood group „A‟ 100 and Blood group „B‟100 students selected for this study.Beck Anxiety Scale were used as assessment tools for data collection. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, T-test and regression analysis. The finding of this study indicates that student‟s blood group is not important for level of anxiety among engineering students.
Full Text PDFSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF 2-AMINO 4, 6 DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDINE P-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID MONOHYDRATE
P. Murugakoothan
Abstract : A new organic nonlinear optical crystal (NLO) 2-amino 4,6dimethoxypyrimidinep-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (2ADPTS) was synthesized and good quality crystals were obtained from ethanolic solution containing stoichiometric quantities of the components. The species crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with space group Pī. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques were used to estimate the cell parameters and crystalline nature of the title compound. The presence of strain was calculated using Hall-Williamson equation. The presence of functional groups was identified by FTIR spectral analysis.
Full Text PDFECOFRIENDLY BIODEGRADATION OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
D. Dineshraj
Abstract : The environmental impact and seasonal variation of polyethylene generation and disposals are making ecological threat and this unavoidable one. Biodegradation of polyethylene in the natural environments is the slow process; the alternative ideas can make the polyethylene as degradable by microbial consortia. The aim of this study was biodegradation of LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) using various carrier materials for the enhancement of the biodegradability. The microorganisms of biodegradable LDPE were already ascertained and these microorganisms with carrier materials of Farm yard manure, Lignite and coal of combined mixture prepared and LDPE were treated. The maximum weight loss observed in Farm yard manure + Actinomycetes consortia combined mixture treated LDPE 39.14 % followed by other carrier based combined mixture treatments of Bagasse + Bacterial consortia treated LDPE and Lignite + Bacterial consortia treated LDPE. The chemical structural reductions were investigated. These results agreed as the farm yard manure with the Actinomycetes have great degradable carrier for LDPE degradation.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF pH ON SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOTUBES BY ELECTROCHEMICAL ANODIZATION
P. Murugakoothan
Abstract : Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated via electrochemical anodization of high purity Ti foil using ethylene glycol as an electrolyte. The formation of ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays was affected by acid concentration of an electrolyte solution and pH. FE-SEM images confirms the formation of nanotubular structure also nanotube length, wall thickness and pore diameter of all the samples were measured in nanometers. From XRD results, after high temperature annealing anatase and rutile phases of the titania were observed; both belong to tetragonal structure. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) result shows the presence of only pure Ti nanoparticles in all samples and no other precipitates were present.
Full Text PDFARUNDHATI ROY’S “THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS” – A FEMINISTIC PRESPECTIVE
S. Alphonsa mary
Abstract : Feminism is a movement to gain for women equal rights with men in social, political and Economic fields. It grew in the west as a sequel to the industrial revolution and against the tradition in Western democracies of denying voting rights to women. The basic concept has found favour among women the world over following the realization that women in all societies have been historically exploited because of their gender. Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things won Booker prize for literature in 1997. This is an autobiographical novel reflecting her personal life.
Full Text PDFIDENTITY AND CULTURAL CONFLICT IN JHUMPA LAHIRI’S - THE NAMESAKE
S. Alphonsa mary
Abstract : The Namesake is essentially, a story about the struggles and hardships of a Bengali couple who immigrate to the United States to form a life outside of everything they know. The novel is a narrative about the assimilation of an Indian Bengali Family from Calcutta, the Ganguli‟s, into America, over thirty years (from 1968 - 2000); the cultural dilemmas experienced by them and their American born children in different ways, the spartial, cultural and emotional dislocations suffered by them in their effort to settle “home” in the new land. New York Times writes about this novel, “This is a novel as affecting in its Chekhovian exploration of fathers and sons, parents and children as it is resonant in its exploration of what is acquired and lost by immigrants and their children in pursuit of the American dream”. In the postcolonial discourse, the question of identity plays a vital role. The problem of Gogol‟s name symbolizes the problem of his identity.
Full Text PDFEXPATRIATION IN BHARATI MUKHERJEE’S NOVEL - JASMINE
S. Alphonsa mary
Abstract : „Expatriation‟ is actually a complex state of mind and emotion which includes a wistful longing for the past, the symbol of ancestral home, the pain of exile and homelessness and the struggle to maintain the difference. The family is the primary channel of cultural transmission. No man wholly escapes from the kind, or wholly surpasses the degree of cultural which he acquired from his early environment. Third world countries where they cannot get enough to do, are making an unabated flow to America. This flow of divergent races, classes and culture has totally changed the face of America. This paper examines Bharati Mukherjee‟s an Indian immigrant centered novel Jasmine features an Indian immigrant protagonist who leaves a native land for life in United States and rebirth of the individualism which her collectives have silenced.
Full Text PDFWATER REUSE AND WASTEWATER MINIMIZATION OF DAIRY INDUSTRY USING WATER PINCH TECHNOLOGY
P. Ravichandran
Abstract : Water is key element, which plays a vital role for all systems involved in the world. The process industries like chemicals, petrochemicals, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, pulp and papers, metals and minerals; steam electric power and certain food consumer products industries are major water consuming and wastewater discharging industries. Even though many conventional methods used for water reuse project, water-pinch technology (WPT) does not replace conventional water-reuse principles. Instead of it provides a means first to identify a goal for water-reuse and then to pinpoint key water-reuse opportunities that will allow us to design a water-using network to approach the minimum flow rate targets as closely as possible. The dairy industry-Hatsun Agro Products Ltd., Karumapuram Village, Salem Dist., has been analyzed for determining the minimum fresh water flow rate to water reuse and to minimize the wastewater generation. It has been done by a PC based software tool called „Water Design‟. The LP model has also been developed to achieve the minimum water flow rate. The study shown that the regeneration reuse by single contaminant can be effectively minimized the freshwater flow rate by 54 %.
Full Text PDFPRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF GREEN GRAM THROUGH SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NUTRIENTS
S. Babu
Abstract : Field investigation was carried out for the productivity enhancement of green gram through soil and foliar application of nutrients at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. The field experiment was conducted during August–October, 2013. The experiment was laid in split plot design and replicate thrice with different nutrient levels viz., M1–Control (no fertilizer application), M2–RDF (25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1), M3–Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, M4–RDF+ Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, as the main plot treatments and foliar spray as the sub plot treatments viz., S1–Control (no foliar application), S2–2% DAP application, S3–foliar application of 85% concentrated Humic acid and fulvic acid +12% Chelated zinc and 3% other traces and inert material, S4–Seaweed extract application, S5–Nitrobenzene application and S6–Pulse wonder application on 25th and 45th DAS were allocated. The result of the main field experiment showed that M4S3 excelled all other treatments by recording higher growth and yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and post-harvest available nutrient status during the cropping period. It also recorded enhanced monetary benefit in terms of net income and return rupee-1 invested.
Full Text PDFSTUDIES ON THE NURSERY NUTRIENT MANGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE cv. CO 43 AND ADT 36
S. Babu
Abstract : Field investigation was carried out for the productivity enhancement of green gram through soil and foliar application of nutrients at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. The field experiment was conducted during August–October, 2013. The experiment was laid in split plot design and replicate thrice with different nutrient levels viz., M1–Control (no fertilizer application), M2–RDF (25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1), M3–Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, M4–RDF+ Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, as the main plot treatments and foliar spray as the sub plot treatments viz., S1–Control (no foliar application), S2–2% DAP application, S3–foliar application of 85% concentrated Humic acid and fulvic acid +12% Chelated zinc and 3% other traces and inert material, S4–Seaweed extract application, S5–Nitrobenzene application and S6–Pulse wonder application on 25th and 45th DAS were allocated. The result of the main field experiment showed that M4S3 excelled all other treatments by recording higher growth and yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and post-harvest available nutrient status during the cropping period. It also recorded enhanced monetary benefit in terms of net income and return rupee-1 invested.
Full Text PDFPHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES FROM THE Psydrax dicoccos (Gaertn)
D. Umaiyambigai
Abstract : The phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial activity of Psydrax dicoccos leaves were extracted successively with different solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis by using Disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were also determined in the present research. The methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the bacterial and fungal strains tested than the other extracts. The mean zones of inhibition produced by the extracts in Agar diffusion assays against the tested bacterial strains was ranged from 7.0 to 22.5 mm. The MIC values were between 125 and 250 μg/ml, MBC values 250 and 1000 μg/ml and MFC 500 and 1000 μg/ml values were recorded. Phytochemical analyses of different extracts of Psydrax dicoccos leaves was analyzed. The methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos leaves showed the presence of strong phytochemicals viz., steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds and terpenoids compared to other extracts. The highest mean of zone inhibition (22.5 mm) was observed in the methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. From the above findings, we concluded that the methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos will be needed to isolate and characterize the compounds.
Full Text PDFAMELIORATIVE PROPERTIES OF Pisonia alba AGAINST ATRAZINE TOXICITY ON THYROID HORMONES ACTIVITY IN THE ALBINO WISTER RAT Rattus norvegicus
A. Revathi
Abstract : The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Pisonia alba against the toxicity effects of herbicide atrazine induced serum thyroid hormone T3, T4 and TSH in the Albino Wister rat Rattus norvegicus. The rats were intoxicated to sub-lethal dose of atrazine (0.25 mg of atrazine) for 28 days. The thyroid hormones T3, T4 and TSH were evidence by increased compared with the control. During the treatment of Pisonia alba against atrazine intoxicated rats were restored near normal level (Group II and III). The observed results were discussed in this present research paper.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF HILL RUNNING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AEROBIC ENDURANCE AMONG SEPAK TAKRAW PLAYERS OF HYDERABAD DISTRICT IN TELANGANA
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Abstract : “Sepak" is the Malay word for kick and "Takraw" is the Thai word for a woven ball, therefore sepak takraw quite literally means to kick ball. The choosing of this name for the sport was a compromise between Malaysia and Thailand, the two powerhouse countries of the sport. Endurance means the ability to sustain or with stand prolonged exercise for minutes to hours. There are different types of endurance, which include; aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, speed endurance and strength endurance. Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance. The term endurance training generally refers to training the aerobic system as opposed to anaerobic. The need for endurance in sports is often predicated as the need of cardiovascular and simple muscular endurance, but the issue of endurance is far more complex. Hill Running increases leg muscle power, improves fitness, and uses the muscles of the legs, arms and core in ways that are different than running on flat surfaces. The significance of this study is to find out effect of hill running for development of aerobic endurance among Sepak Takraw players of Hyderabad district which will be helpful to Coaches and Trainers to develop the endurance ability. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of the hill running for development of endurance ability among sepak takraw players. The sample for the present study consists of 20 Male male sepak takraw players out of which 10 are experimental group and 10 are controlled group. Hill running training such as short hills, medium hills, long hills, mixed hills running were given to experimental group on alternate days for eight weeks along with general training of sepak takraw and control group were given the general training of sepak takraw. Pre Test and Post Test were conducted for 12 Min Cooper Test to assess the aerobic endurance of both the groups. This study shows that the experimental group has got rapid improvement due to Hill running compare to control group. It was concluded that due to Hill running there is a improvement of Aerobic Endurance. It was recommended that the coaches must include the Hill running programs to athletes for development of endurance.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF CONTINUOUS TRAINING AND SURIYANAMASKAR ON BREATH HOLDING TIME OF MILD HYPERTENSION MIDDLE AGED UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
D. Kalidoss
Abstract : The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of continuous training and Suriyanamaskar on Breath Holding Time of mind hypertension University Teachers. For this study, forty five mild hypertension University teachers from St. Joseph University at Dar Es Salaam. The subject’s age ranged from 35 to 45 years. The subjects were divided into three group one control and two experimental groups. Continuous training was administrated to group I (n = 15), Suriyanamaskar was administrated to group II (n=15) and group III (n=15) served as a control group. Test was conducted for Breath Holding Time before and after twelve weeks training programme and data was collected and analyzed statistically by analysis of covariance to find out the significant level. Based on the result of the study, it was concluded that Continuous training and Suriyanamaskar group significantly improved the Breath Holding Time of mild hyper tension Middle Aged University teachers.
Full Text PDFPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Memecylon umbellatum BURM.F. FROM SENTHIRANKILLAI SACRED GROVE, CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA
M. Mala
Abstract : The investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components of leaf of Memecylon umbellatum using GC-MS. The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of leaf of Memecylon umbellatum was investigated using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Nearly. 24 compounds from leaves were identified of which D-Allose (26.74 %), 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (15.87 %), 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) - (14.66 %), 1,6-Anhydro-à-d-alactofuranose (10.29 %), E-9-Tetradecenoic acid (6.92 %) were found to be predominant compounds found to be major compounds identified. All the identified compounds were medicinally valuable for the treatment of various human ailments. In addition, all the phytochemical compounds were needed for further investigations for the development of new lead of therapeutic interest.
Full Text PDFBIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MARINE GASTROPOD Babylonia zeylanica FROM PUDUCHERRY, SOUTH EAST COAST OF INDIA
K. Jayalakshmi
Abstract : Life is composed of lifeless chemical molecules. The living matter is composed of mainly of inorganic and organic compounds. Nutrients are the important biochemical compounds necessary for all the biological activities of any living system. Gastropods molluscs are potential sources of valuable proteins, carbohydrates and minerals and abundantly available in India. Regarding the biochemistry of gastropod molluscs, only limited studies were carried out from Puducherry, East Coast of India. Hence, the proximate composition, minerals and Vitamins profile of the Indian Babylon, Babylonia zeylanica from Thengaithittu landing centre, Pondicherry, Southeast coast of India were investigated with a view to provide nutritional data for dietary planning. Mean values for the proximate composition (dry weight basis) were protein 41.53 %, carbohydrate 17.34 %, lipid 7.2 %, free fatty acids 1.98 % and ash 1.18 %. This gastropod belonged to high- protein low- fat category. Calcium and Vitamins (Vit-A, Vit-B2 and Vit-C) were found maximum in the muscle. Babylonia zeylanica, thus constitutes a source of high protein as well as an ideal dietetic fish food.
Full Text PDFPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF RESINS OF Boswellia serrata Roxb., Canarium strictum Roxb., AND Shorea roxburghii G. Don
S. Muniraj
Abstract : Resins are amorphous mixture of essential oil, oxygenated products of terpenes and carboxylic acids which are obtained as exudates from plants. They are considered as end products of metabolism. Terpenoids are secondary metabolic products which once were considered unimportant. Resins have many pharmaceutical applications and some of them are used as incense. The present study was aimed to study and reaffirm the phytochemical constituents and some of the pharmacological uses of some resin yielding plants. Collection of the resins from plants such as Boswellia serrata Roxb., Canarium strictum Roxb., and Shorea roxburghii G. Don., from Anchetty forest (Krishnagiri District)., Kolli hills (Namakkal District) and Sathyamangalam forest (Erode District). Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) present in the resin complex of the 3 species were analyzed qualitatively. It was observed from the results that the resin of Canarium strictum showed more antioxidant activity (45 %) than the gum-resin of Boswellia serrata (20 %) and oleo-resin of Shorea roxburghii (26 %). The resin of Boswellia serrata and Canarium strictum showed antibacterial activity against the organisms Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of growth inhibition (in mm) was not of much difference between the extracts of low concentration (25 μl) and high concentration (50 μl). The resin extract of Shorea roxburghii did not show any activity against the two pathogens (no zone of growth inhibition was formed).
Full Text PDFEVALUATION OF TANNIN CONTENTS OF SOME INDIGENOUS PLANT SPECIES IN KOLLI HILLS, ANCHETTY AND SATHYAMANGALAM FORESTS
T. Nanthakumaran
Abstract : Tannins are complex phenolic substances of plant origin. These pale yellow to light brown amorphous substances are secondary metabolic products of plants which are considered unimportant to the producer plants. But, the results of many research activities have proved the importance of tannins. They play a role in protection from predation and in plant growth regulation. They are used in photography, dyeing, in tanning leather, in clarifying wine and beer and as an astringent in medicine. It was interesting to know that the two species of Albizzia (A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck) had nearly equal amount of tannin in their bark. Similarly, the two species of Gardenia possessed (G. gummifera and G. latifolia) nearly equal amount of tannin in their bark and the barks of the two species of Terminalia (T. bellerica and T. chebula) also contained nearly equal amount of tannin in their barks. Tannin was also noticed that the bark of Terminalia bellerica contained more amount of tannin (93.36 ± 0.03) than its seed (85.76 ± 0.03). Similarly, the bark of Gardenia latifolia possessed more quantity of tannin (93.36 ± 0.03) than its seed (86.05 ± 0.03) and fruit rind (85.96 ± 0.03). The antimicrobial activity was also studied and the study depicts that the methanol extracts of bark of P. marsupium can be used as a potential source of antimicrobial agents.
Full Text PDFPURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PROTEINS FROM MARINE BACTERIUM
S. Shanthasubitha
Abstract : The marine water samples were collected from the Kilakarai deep sea, the bacterial colonies were isolated and the dominated colonies were picked out and their morphological characterization was studied. From the biochemical characterization the isolated colony results as Bacillus sp. The antimicrobial potential were analysed and the resulted Fraction I, Fraction II, Fraction III shows the greater effect when against with the clinical pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp., Fraction III shows greater zone of inhibition in various concentration of (25 μl, 50 μl, 75 μl and 100 μl). The higher concentration of 100 μl of sample shows the greater results. The high concentration of the 100 μl of the crude sample exhibit higher zone of inhibition against the Staphylococcus sp. (14 mm) and Pseudomonas sp. (13 mm). The results suggested that the Fraction III warranted further purification in order to unveil the active components of Pseudomonas sp. From the curve of elution in DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography, three A280 nm peak fractions, named G-1, G-2, G-3 were collected respectively. The antimicrobial potential of the marine microbes the G-1, G-2, G-3 shows the greater effect when against with the clinical pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. Among that G-3 shows the maximum results of 18.2 mm and 15.4 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. The present study crude extract of marine Bacillus sp. showed anticancer activity against HT‐15 and HT‐29 cell line in a dose dependant manner. The crude extract of marine Bacillus sp. showed activity of 7.88 at 400 μg/ml. Whereas, the purified crude of Fraction I, Fraction II and Fraction III showed 7.99 %, 20.67 % and 29.30 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐15 and the purified crude of Fraction I, Fraction II and Fraction III showed 8.00 %, 9.12 % and13.02 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐29. The purified sample of G1, G2 and G3showed 18.63 %, 15.80 % and 76.31 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐15 and the purified sample of G1, G2 and G3 showed 12.90 %, 12.53 % and 69.32 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐29. Estimation of amino acids was done using an automatic amino acid analyzer for the two fractions of FIII and G3.
Full Text PDFCASTE DISCRIMINATION IN ARUNDHATI ROY’S “THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS”
S. Alphonsa Mary
Abstract : Caste Discrimination is the most complex human rights issue facing India today. In Indian society, primary of younger generation Indians, though largely ignorant about its scope and practice, appears ready and willing to learn about untouchability and work towards its true abolition. Caste systems are also found in Africa, other parts of Asia, the middle East, the Pacific and in Diaspora communities around the world. This paper attempts to explore the elements of caste discrimination and throws light on struggle of women against exploitation in a male dominated conservative society. It also aims at analyzing Arundhati Roy‟s “The God of Small Things” as caste problem and problems faced by the untouchables in an educated society. It explores the role of politics and its effects on the common men. The novel closes the gap between the untouchables and touchables. In “The God of Small Things”, Roy‟s character Velutha his black complexion and his low birth suggest his social inferiority and the resultant segregation and subjection that he is subjected to.
Full Text PDFRACISM IS A RACE FOR BLACK YET TO WIN IN AFRO AMERICA
V. Sangeetha
Abstract : Racial discrimination refers to the separation of people through a process of social division into categories not necessarily related to races for purposes of differential treatment. The struggle faced, everyday, by the dark colored people are speechless. The words are few to express their troubles but cannot be let it go as such. Their sufferings end only when their life comes to an end. The same happened in Charless Waddell Chesnutt’s novel The House Behind the Cedars. Rena’s death is the result of her mixed-race. Thus, the novel dramatizes the emotional turmoil and inevitable conflicts brought on racial passing. Through, the agonizing fate of Rena Walden, a beautiful woman in search of her own identity, Chesnutt exposes the destructive consequences of the legal and social fictions surrounding race in the post-bellum South.
Full Text PDFMICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATED MILK (UHT) IN AAVIN DAIRY
P. Maharaja
Abstract : Pasteurization conditions are effective in eliminating potential pathogenic microorganisms from the milk. It is not sufficient to inactivate the thermoresistant spores in milk. Hence, Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treatment at 150 °C for 15 seconds is sought as an alternative method. In the present study, the shelf life of both pasteurized and UHT milk were compared based on the spores and plate count was least in the case of UHT treated milk even after 45 days of packing .
Full Text PDFMGNREGA: ROLE IN EMPLOYMENT OF SCHEDULED TRIBES
P. Gnana Soundhari
Abstract : Understanding the vulnerable communities in terms of their economic deprivation and social backwardness within the Indian social structure has been the focus of many scholarly studies with an interdisciplinary perspective. It has been accepted that without the development of the economically and socially disadvantaged group (Women, SC and ST) of the society development of the country cannot taken as complete. Our constitution has granted various rights to the people among which the right to work is one. But, government of India look much time in implementing this right to the people. At the state level, government of Maharashtra has introduced employment guarantee scheme in 1972-73 and later government of India has started NREGS as a pilot Project from 14th Nov 2005 in selected districts of the country but later on from 2nd Feb 2006 it was formally initiated 200 selected districts of 27 states of the country. Though, the government has taken many initiatives are increasing transparency, accountability and administrative management of the scheme, the challenges still persists. If the anomalies are removed, the scheme has potential to alleviate poverty in rural area besides creating long term natural assets for sustainable development of the country. The removal of such gaps would go a long in promoting and sustaining the process of development of tribals.
Full Text PDFA STUDY OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN INDIA
Ulhas Bansode
Abstract : Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy. Over 58 per cent of the rural households depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. Agriculture, along with fisheries and forestry, is one of the largest contributors to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad - based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio - economic fabric of India. The agriculture sector in India is expected to generate better momentum in the next few years due to increased investments in agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation facilities, warehousing and cold storage. Factors such as reduced transaction costs and time, improved port gate management and better fiscal incentives would contribute to the sector’s growth.
Full Text PDFSTUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SEAWEEDS IN THREE DIFFERENT SITES OF KANYAKUMARI COAST
S. R. Jenisha
Abstract : In the present research, distribution of seaweeds from three different sites of Kanyakumari coast was carried out during the period of 6 months from January to June 2012. Seaweeds were found in the coastal region between tidal and intertidal region up to a depth where 0.01 % photosynthetic light was available. A total of 36 species of seaweeds were recorded. Among them, the seaweeds belongs to Rhodophyceae family was the most dominant member with 17 species followed by Chlorophyceae with 11 species and Phaeophyceae with 8 species. The most common species recorded in Kanyakumari coast were Gracilaria sp., Caulerpa sp. and Sargassum sp. The Site I recorded abundant seaweeds during the study period.
Full Text PDFSYNTHESIS GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW NLO MATERIAL: L - THREONINE MANGANESE CHLORIDE
C. Vijayaraj
Abstract : In this present research work, good quality single new NLO material L-Threonine manganese chloride was grown from aqueous solution by a slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis whose results they crystallize on orthorhombic system. The optical properties of the grown crystal were calculated from UV-Visible spectroscopic study. The functional group was found by FTIR analysis. The nonlinear optical property was confirmed by Kurtz Perry powder technique and discussed the efficiency of the crystal.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Aloe vera ON EXPERIMENTAL CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN RABBITS
Abdalbari A. Alfaris
Abstract : The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness the Aloe vera gel and leaf extract on wound healing. Eight adult male rabbit with age between 12 - 15 weeks were used. The animals were divided into two groups namely, control and treated 5 m full-thickness skin wound experimental induced on gluteal region by sharp dissection. The treated group was healed faster in comparison with control group. The effect produced by Aloe vera with references to wound healing contraction, wound closure and regeneration of tissue at the site of wound, clear in histopathological
Full Text PDFFOLKLORE MEDICINAL PRACTICES OF KANIKARS IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
N. Simi
Abstract : Kanikars are the tribal people in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. There are 48 Kani settlements in Kanyakumari district. Kanikars have good knowledge in folklore medicinal practices. Poisonous snakes like cobra, viper, krait etc. are found in Kani settlements and they are often affected by snake bites. They have good knowledge of snakes and plants used to treat snake bite. Jaundice, diarrhoea, cardiac diseases and bone fracture are common diseases affecting Kanikars. They have much knowledge in the plants treating these diseases. They are eminent in black magic. Traditionally Kanikars follow some rituals. They celebrate ritual ceremonies on the attainment of puberty, marriage, child birth, death and cultivation of crops. They relate plants to all ritual ceremonies.
Full Text PDFDIVERSITY OF BRACHYURAN CRABS CAPTURED AND LANDED BY TRAWL AT AKKARAIPETTAI LANDING STATION, NAGAPATTINAM, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
P. Rajaraman
Abstract : Coastal environment provides greater range of habitats and thus potentially supports greater biodiversity. The present study was aimed to know the diversity of brachyuran crabs monthly and seasonal captured and landed by trawl at the Akkaraipettai landing station, Nagapattinam Fisheries Harbour, Tamil Nadu, India from December 2015 to February 2016 is discussed. The analysis gave a clear pattern highlighting the similarities in distribution and abundance during the study period of December 2015 and 2016. The crabs were registered from Akkaraipettai landing centres 03 families (Portunoidae, Sesarmidae and Ocypodidae) 06 genera and 13 species. The number of species per family varies considerably (1 to 17 species). The most diverse families were Portunidae (11 species), followed by Ocypodidae (01 Species) and Sesarmidae (01 species). Among the 13 species, three species (Charybdis lucifera, Liocarcinousvernails and Sesarma rediculatum) were absent in December 2015, one species absent (Liocarcinous vernails) in January 2016 and two species (Scylla tranquebarica and Portunus gladiator ) in February 2016.
Full Text PDFANATOMICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF TESTES AND PROSTATE GLANDS UNILATERAL ORCHIECTOMY IN LOCAL RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)
Ahmed J. Al-Yasery
Abstract : The present study was designed to investigate the anatomical and histological and biological alteration that taken placed in testis and prostate glands to puberty age after orchidectomy in local rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The animals of study are divided into two groups are: (1) Control group (A) containing 15 male rabbits not removed either left or right testis. (2) Experimental (treated) group (B) containing 30 male rabbits. The experimental group (B) also sub-divided into two sub-groups, each one containing 15 male rabbits as following: (A) Group; (B1) animals in this group removed the left testis (castrated) in 1 month age; (B) Group: (B2) animals in this group removed the right testis (castrated) in 1 month age. Hemi - castration or unilateral or chiectomy was done surgically under the anesthesia. The results in this study included the effect of hemicastration on the: remained testis and prostate glands anatomical structure, the (Anatomical results). The Anatomical results of Testis: The Anatomical results of Testis in first month before performing the Unilateral Orchid.
Full Text PDFPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Solanum trilobatum (L.) LEAVES ON STEAMED PROCESSING
R. Durgadevi
Abstract : The present investigation was designed to evaluate the phytochemical screening on leaf extract of Solanum trilobatum. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by all plants in which some has medicinal uses. The phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugar, sterols, tannin, alkaloids, and saponins were investigated qualitatively. The study revealed that the leaf extracts of Solanum trilobatum are showing the presence of phytochemicals in both duration of processing (5 and 15 minutes respectively). Therefore, the study would conclude that the duration of steaming will not affect the presence of phytochemicals.
Full Text PDFA STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN THANJAVUR, TAMILNADU, INDIA
P. Rameshwari
Abstract : The research attempts to study the consumer buying behavior of cosmetic products in an Indian setting, specifically with reference to Thanjavur. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the various factors that have impact on buying decision of consumers. In this paper, respondents were selected by convenient sampling method and data was analyzed and interpreted with the help of statistical techniques. The study reveals that the different factors have significant influence on buying behavior. This study also contributes to the knowledge of how cosmetic companies will be able to understand buying habits of the consumers.
Full Text PDFANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT
J. Ashok
Abstract : Cuddalore falls under agro - climatic zone and have a true mean time climate with a least variation in maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the year. The data were collected during the years 2012 – 2015. The data reveals that the maximum temperature recorded to be around 35 oC all through the years in Cuddalore district. The minimum temperature in all these places was just around 25 oC. These results were supported by water policy for Cuddalore. The relative humidity was found to be in the range of 65 – 90 % all though the study period at the sampling station. This temperature variation and humidity result in a warm, pleasant sea Cuddalore. This type of weather results in a humid weather in the study area. Rain season was reported to last for 180 days in a year. The wind velocity recorded depicts the maximum valve during January –March and minimum during April – June during the study period. Normally, wind speed was affected by a number of factors and situations operating at micro to macroscales.
Full Text PDFANTI-INSECT ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACT FROM Datura stramonium L. AGAINST Spodoptera litura FAB. (NOCTUIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)
V. Ramesh
Abstract : In the present study, the Datura stramonium extract was tested against Spodoptera litura and the results anti-insect properties of various accessions of D. stramonium showed different degrees of anti-insect activities, when extracted and bio-assayed. When comparing the extracts obtained by following Soxhlet, Cold and aqueous extraction methods, among the bioassay methods experimented, Poison food bioassay (Leaf disc bioassay). Soxhlet extracts possess highest proportion of insecticidal properties and shown its supremacy in causing mortality over that of the extract and aqueous extracts of D. stramonium plant parts. Fruit extract causes highest mortality than other plant parts tested S. litura.
Full Text PDFPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) DUBARD FROM SILAMBUR SACRED GROVE, TAMILNADU
K. Saravanakumar
Abstract : A valuable Indian ethnomedicinal plant, Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard was investigated in the present study to determine the phytochemical constituents present in various extracts of the leaves through GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Powdered leaf plant materials were subjected to successive extraction with organic solvents such as methanol by Soxhlet extraction method. In the present study, a total of 23 different compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis using methanol extract, all the identified compounds were medicinally valuable for the treatment of various human ailments. In addition, all the phytochemical compounds were needed for further investigations on toxicological aspects for the development of new lead of therapeutic interest.
Full Text PDFDISCHARGE CONTROL OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP BY AUTOMATION
A. Yugan kishore
Abstract : Though many technologies have been used, centrifugal pumps playing a major role in fetching and transporting fluids in industries and the control valves used in centrifugal pumps are normally mechanical armatures. Instead of pneumatic or hydraulic controllers in the centrifugal pumps automated stepper motor be an efficient and accurate way in controlling the flow rate. By envisaging this concept an attempt was made on automation of control valve of centrifugal pumps using hardware kit mediated DC stepper motor, embedded system and visual basic software. While calculating the discharge variance and the time taken for the discharge at various positions of the pump such as fully opened, 30º and 60 º, automated ball valve was found superior than manually operated ball valve. Automated method was accurate but in manually operated valves the discharge variance was high.
Full Text PDFEFFECTS OF COLOSTRUM, VIRGIN AND MULTIPARA CAMEL MILK IN SPERM COUNT AND SPERM DEFORMITY OF DIABETIC RATS
Rabab Shaker Salman
Abstract : The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of colostrums and camel milk treatment on sperm count and sperm deformity of alloxan induced diabetic rats. The present study was divided into three experiments according to period of treatment, first experiment undertaken to investigate the effect of colostrums through 7 days of treatment. The second experiment undertaken to investigate the effect of virgin and multipara camel milk through 30 days of treatment. Third experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of virgin and multipara camel milk through 60 days of treatment. The results of experiments revealed that the diabetic male rats in second group suffering from significant decrease at (p≤ 0.05) in sperm count and sperm deformity.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF NUCLEO CMP FORTE ON THE REGENERATION OF SCIATIC NERVE IN DOGS
Mohammed Majid Jasim
Abstract : The objective of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of Cytidine Monophosphate on the regeneration of sciatic nerve injury of dogs. Eight healthy adult dogs were used to complete this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups, control group and Cytidine Monophosphate group. The sciatic nerve axotomy was done on the right hind limb and then the nerve sutured immediately by nylon suture 0 - 5 with end-to-end anastomosis, using simple interrupted suture, and then the Cytidine monophosphate group the dogs were injected with Cytidine monophosphate 5 mg/day intramuscular intake for 30 day post operation. The clinical examination (motor and sensory function) showed occurrence of onset, gait, and knuckling that were evaluated weekly from the starting until the end of the study (sixteen week). The conductive velocity was measured at the end of study and macroscopic evaluation demonstrated a degree of nerve stump coaptation, adhesion, thickness and the presence of neuroma. The histopathological examination of regenerated nerve sections (three parts of 1 cm long each) were collected from the proximal, middle (injured site) and distal segments and used to determine the degree of the sciatic nerve regeneration. The clinical assessment of motor and sensory nerve functions revealed significant differences between the Cytidine monophosphate and control group, the Cytidine monophosphate more effective than Platelet rich plasma group. Moreover, the electrophysiological studies were carried out by isolation of the sciatic nerve. The conductive velocity on 16th weeks postoperative, the results showed significant differences in the same group between right sciatic nerve (operated) and left sciatic nerve and significant differences between groups at (p<0.05) were the best conductivity in Cytidine monophosphate group compared with other groups. The neurohistopathological results that showed the number of Schwann cells proliferation and orientation of regenerative nerve fibers were observed most clear and improved in Cytidine monophosphate.
Full Text PDFCOMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza Sativa L.) UNDER COASTAL SALINE CONDITION
A. J. Nainu
Abstract : In the present study, combining ability analysis was carried out through Line x Tester analysis of eighteen hybrids developed by crossing six lines (male) with three testers (female) to know the genetic architecture of various yield and yield attributing traits in rice under coastal saline condition. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Breeding Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University from December 2014 - October 2015. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for all the characters studied. SCA variance was predominant for all the characters studied indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action than additive gene action. The estimates of gca effects indicated that the lines, MTU 1010, MDU 5 and KANCHANA and among testers, CO 47 and ADT 39 were found to be good general combiners for grain yield traits. High sca effects were observed in the crosses, MTU 1001 x CO 47, KANCHANA x CO 47, MTU 1010 x ADT 39 and MDU 5 x ADT 39 were found to be specific combiners for the characters studied. These crosses could be exploited in the future rice breeding programme by adopting appropriate breeding technique in order to evolve high yielding rice varieties.
Full Text PDFINDOOR OUTDOOR GREEN PLANTATION IN BUILDINGS - A CASE STUDY
P. Satheesh Kumar
Abstract : The green building approach goes beyond reducing energy use or improving indoor air quality, it's actually about addressing the whole system not just the pieces. In addition to direct cost savings, eco-friendly buildings can provide indirect economic benefits to both the building owner and society. For instance, ecofriendly sustainable building features can promote better health comfort, well - being and productivity of building occupants, which can reduce levels of absenteeism and increase productivity. The aim of this study is to know the importance and significance of the various factors, involved in construction of the ecofriendly.
Full Text PDFSOUTH INDIAN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE - A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
P. Satheesh Kumar
Abstract : Vernacular Architecture is increasingly becoming a subject of major interest not only to architecture theorists, but also to designers and technologists for very many good reasons. It has now become very apparent, that although technological advancement brings modern civilization to our communities, it also accelerates the disappearance not only the style of life which has been developed over a span of many centuries, but also the very veins of cultural identity which are so vital for the survival of any society. The onslaught of modern technology has robbed our communities of the construction skills and environmentally sensitive design of their dwellings. “Modern Architecture” is becoming more and more environmentally unfriendly not only to people, but also to the surrounding natural environment, including the excessive use of energy in cooling buildings. That is why we have to revert back to vernacular architecture to see how we can be salvage the vernacular principles and use them in sustainable architecture. There has been a turn around after years of environmentally unfriendly materials and bad architecture to sustainable building materials and construction methods.
Full Text PDFURINARY TRACT INFECTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS OF NORTH CHENNAI AREA, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Mazher Sultana
Abstract : The most common non-intestinal infection observed worldwide is Urinary tract infection (UTI). Diabetic patients are more prone to Urinary tract infections (UTI). The susceptibility of the infection can vary in different individuals especially when there is underreporting from the patients having a risk of acquiring infections. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the incidence of UTI in patients with Diabetes and the control. It was reported that between 2013 – 2014, about 150 diabetic and 50 non diabetic urine samples were collected from the people visiting JPM Paramedical Institute at Kolathur area of North Chennai. The collected urine samples were processed by following the Standard laboratory protocol. Prevalence of UTI in the lower socioeconomic status was 20 %, moderate socioeconomic status 35 % and UTI in higher socioeconomic status was 45 %. The type of toilets used by these patients revealed that, 45 % were in use of common toilet (public), 40 % western toilet and about 15 % were in use of Indian toilet respectively. The common UTI Symptoms observed frequently in Diabetic patient as compared to non Diabetic patients were frequent urination, itching, burning, pain and fever etc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of UTI among the diabetic patients and compare them with those of non diabetic ones from the areas of lower socio - economic groups, moderate socioeconomic and higher socioeconomic group.
Full Text PDFSYNTHESIS GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW NLO MATERIAL: L-THREONINE LEAD CHLORIDE
B. Gokulakumar
Abstract : A new NLO material Lead doped L-Threonine was grown from aqueous solution by a slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis whose results they crystallize on orthorhombic system. The UV-Visible spectroscopic study reveals that crystal has good optical transparency and lower cut-off wavelength was found to be 330 nm. The functional group of grown crystal was found by FTIR analysis. The nonlinear optical property was confirmed by Kurtz Perry powder technique. The detailed structural analysis of the compound under progress.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF ACRYLAMIDE ON THYROID AND LIVER FUNCTIONS IN ADULT MALE RATS
Nawras A. Alwan
Abstract : The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of acrylamide (ACR) on thyroid and liver functions and histopathological changes in adult male rats. Twenty adult male rats were used in the present study. The animals were acclimatized for two weeks before beginning of the experiment. The animals were divided randomly into two equal groups. The 1st group (control) administrated distal water orally by gavage, the 2nd was given ACR at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW/day for 45 days. The results revealed a significant increase in serum thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was observed in ACR group. Moreover, a significant increase in serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes in ACR-group. Histopathological study showed the irregular size and shape of thyroid follicles and vacuolation of colloid and liver section appeared congestion of central vein, flattening and vacuolation of hepatocytes in ACR treated group.
Full Text PDFA REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS OF LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS
Ankita Dey
Abstract : Latent class analysis (LCA) is considered to be an equivalent methodology for Factor Analysis, typically used for dichotomous or polytomous variables. The parameters of interest in a typical problem of latent class analysis are the unobserved proportion or size of the latent classes and the conditional item - response probabilities given the membership in a latent class. Based on the observed data on manifest variables, LCA provides a classification among the population. Manifest variables are called the "indicators" of a particular latent class. The present paper provides a review on the theory of latent class analysis and its wide area of applications in various disciplines such as Survey research, Medical diagnostics, Economics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, etc.
Full Text PDFA STUDY ON WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ARIYALUR DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA
R. Manikandan
Abstract : Water covers 70.9 % of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5 % of the planet's water is found mostly in oceans; 1.7 % in groundwater; 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland; a small fraction in other large water bodies and 0.001 % in the air as vapor, clouds formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air, and precipitation. Only 2.5 % of the Earth's water is fresh water, and 98.8 % of that water is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003 %) was contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. As Ariyalur is a land of limestone, the cement industries flourishes to maximum resulting in air pollution and water pollution. The present study was concerned with the determination of physico-chemical parameters of ground water quality at different locations of Ariyalur.
Full Text PDFA STUDY ON AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF NEYVELI, TAMILNADU, INDIA
G. Sethuraman
Abstract : Total Suspended particulate matter which includes PM10 and TSPM serves as an important tool to determine the ambient air quality. This study reveals the concentration of PM10, TSPM, NOx, SO2 and CO at all the sampling stations to be dangerous to plants, animals and human beings. The sampling stations fall under the category of industrial, residential and sensitive zones. As the industries happen to be the main establishment of this area it is highly important to understand about the ambient air quality. The statistical analysis reveals a positive correlation for Neyveli township between the Pre and Post monsoon of TSPM and the correlation was found to be a bit lesser between PM10, TSPM, NOx, SO2 and CO during both period of all the areas. But, still there is no negative correlation noticed between the data.
Full Text PDFANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF MARINE ACTINOBACTERIA – A REVIEW
K. Sathiyaseelan
Abstract : Actinobacteria are Gram positive prokaryotes which produce branching mycelium. Actinobacteria are widely distributed in natural and man-made environments and play an important role in the degradation of organic matter. They are also well known as a rich source of antibiotics and bioactive molecules. Actinobacteria hold a prominent position for their diversity and ability to produce novel substances. The terrestrial soil Actinobacteria has potential biotechnological applications and is a new resource for structurally diverse secondary metabolites. At present, an alternative approach was to make the isolation procedure more selective by adding chemical such as phenol to the soil suspension. Considering the practically useful compounds, today about 130 to 140 microbial products and a similar number of derivatives are applied in human medicine, mostly in chemotherapy and veterinary medicine. The majority of these compounds, except fungal penicillins, cephalosporins and several bacterial peptides and few others, are also produced by Actinobacteria. The high percentage of new compounds derived from new target - oriented screening methods is also of Actinobacteria origin.
Full Text PDFNEW RECORD OF TWO HELMINTH PARASITES FROM Cyprinus carpio L. IN SOUTHERN REGION OF IRAQ
Muna Mohammed Jori
Abstract : During the study period from October 2015 to June 2016, a total of 339 specimens of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were collected from fish farms in Basrah and Nasryia provinces. The microscopic examination of fish detected presence of two parasites, one of them belonging to monogenetic trematode Diplozoon diporpa on gills of one fish specimen from Nasryia fish farm. While the other parasite related to Anisakid nematode Hysterothylacium sp. The 3rd larval stages were isolated from intestinal wall of one specimen of fish from Basrah fish farm. The recorded of marine parasite Hysterothylacium sp. in the present study considered as a new record in fresh water fishes of Iraq. The detection of Diplozoon diporpa for the first time in Nasryia fish farm regarded Nasryia as a new locality for Diplozoon diporpa. In addition, the common carp C. carpio was considered as a new host for both Diplozoon diporpa and Hysterothylacium sp.
Full Text PDFENHANCING READING AND SPEAKING SKILLS OF LEARNERS THROUGH ROLE PLAY
N. Robert Divine
Abstract : A little has been said and done about digitizing classrooms with state of the art technology, as one could witness from the classrooms in our locality. In reality classroom remains the same; so does the outcome of it. Based on the few suggestions given in this paper a teacher can very well initiate a method which suits everyone. Teachers are facilitators, instead of waiting for „divine intervention‟ in the guise of technology one can step up and practice something useful to make language learning useful. It is the responsibility of the teacher to make their learners believe that world outside their mobile phones is more interesting and colorful.
Full Text PDFTHE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis) OIL AGAINST HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA INDUCED IN FEMALE RATS
Ahlam A. AL-Rikaby and Rahma Abdul Alkarim
Abstract : This present study was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic potential of sage oil (Salvia officinalis) in controlling hypercholesterolemia and their effect on liver enzymes and pancreatic lipase activitiesin female rats. Twenty four of female rats were housed in standard cages, the experimental rats were divided randomly in to three groups (8 in each group). Group 1 was fed on the standard diet considered as control group (negative), group 2 was fed on experimental diet (HFD) as a replacement for their diet for four weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia as a positive control. Group 3 (treated) was fed on experimental diet (HFD) and oral gavage of sage oil (0.05 ml/kg) as single dose daily for four weeks. Blood sample were taken from these groups after four weeks for biochemical analysis to estimate serum Malon dialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and pancreatic lipase (PL). The results showed that sage oil administration resulted in a decrease in the concentration of Malon dialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein associated with an increased high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentration in rats, the serum enzymes activities of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and pancreatic lipase werealso significantly decreased. It was concluded from the present study that a protective effect against hypercholesterolemia and hypolipidemic properties of the sage oil, in addition beneficial effect in decreasing the elevated liver enzymes and has inhibitory effect against the pancreatic lipase activitymay be attributed to theantioxidant activity of one or more of its flavonoids and polyphenols.
Full Text PDFANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF GERANIOL, A MONOTERPENE ON HFD AND LOW DOSE OF STZ-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GLYCOPROTEIN COMPONENTS
Asaithambi Karthikeyan and Leelavinothan Pari
Abstract : Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of geraniol, a monoterpene, on the levels of glycoprotein components in plasma and liver of high fat diet (HFD) and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by HFD in combination with a low dose of STZ (25 mg/kg body weight). Geraniol was administered orally at a dose of (100 mg/kg body weight (b.w)) for 8 weeks. The effect of geraniol was studied on plasma and liver of glycoproteins. Results: Oral administration of geraniol (100 mg/kg b.w) for 8 weeks controlled the altered levels of plasma and liver glycoprotein components to near normal. No significant changes were observed in normal rats treated with geraniol. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that geraniol possesses a protective effect on altered glycoprotein metabolism in addition to its antihyperglycemic activity.
Full Text PDFJOB STRESS AMONG WOMEN EMPLOYEES WORKING IN BANKING SECTOR
Tsigap Aregawi, Gebremeskel Berhe and B. John Wilson
Abstract : Modern living has brought with it, not only innumerable means of comfort, but also a plethora of demands that tax human body and mind. Nowadays, everyone talks about stress. Not only just high level executives are its key victims but also the laborers, slum dwellers, working women, businessmen, professionals and even children are pressurized due to stress. Stress is an inevitable and unavoidable component of human life due to increasing complexities and competitiveness in living standards. The speed at which change is taking place in the world today is certainly overwhelming and breathe taking. In the fast changing world of today, no individual is free from stress and no profession is stress free. Everyone experiences stress, whether it is within the family, business, organization, study, work or any other social or economical activity. Thus in modern time, stress in general and job stress in particular has become a part of the life and has received considerable attention in recent years. Stress has become the core concern in the life of everyone, but everybody wants stress - free life. Stress is a subject which is hard to avoid. Stress is a part of day-to-day living. Every individual is subjected to stress either knowingly or unknowingly. Stress, a long considered alien to Indian lifestyle is now a major health problem.
Full Text PDFRESPONSE OF COMPOSTS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE
D. Venkatakrishnan
Abstract : Sugar industry in the country is the most viable and vibrant sector. It is imperative that average cane productivity can be improved. The proper application of fertilizers is the main crop production factor. Therefore, the concept of integrating all sources of plant nutrients made into a productive system to supplement nutrient mining in the soil. Field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field of clay loam soil at Periyanellikollai village at Chidambaram taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The soil was low in available N, medium in available P and medium in available K. In plant crop experiment, treatments consisted of T1 – Seasoned Pressmud @ 25 t ha-1, T2 – T1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T3 – T2 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T4 – T1 + Lignite Fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T5 – T1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, T6 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T7 – T6 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T8 –Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Lignite Fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T9 – Biocompost @ 5 t ha-1, T10 - T9 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T11 – T10 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T12 – T9 + Lignite Fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T13 – FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and T¬14 – NPK alone (Recommended dose of fertilizer). All the plots received recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. The design followed was Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments were replicated thrice. The highest value of individual cane weight was 1.40 kg cane-1, number of millable cane was 127.53 ( 1000 ha-1) cane yield was 166.85 t ha-1, juice quality (Brix – 21.3 %, pol – 19.13 % Commercial Cane Sugar – 13.33 %) and Sugar yield of 22.62 t ha-1 were recorded in T3 (Seasoned Pressmud @ 25 t ha-1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1).
Full Text PDFESTIMATION OF EXPECTED TIME TO SEROCONVERSION OF HIV INFECTED WHEN THE ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY THRESHOLD FOLLOWING THREE PARAMETER GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION
K. Siva, C. Subramanian and R. Sathiyamoorthi
Abstract : HIV infection and its progression to AIDS has become an important subject matter of study. The medical personnel spend much of the time and energy to find a cure from this infection. The mathematicians and statisticians pay their attention to develop stochastic models for the study of the spread of the infection and its progression. An interesting aspect of study is to develop models which could predict the time to serocoversion of HIV infected. In this paper a stochastic model is developed to find the expected time to seroconversion under the assumption that the antigenic diversity threshold is a random variable which follows Three Parameter Generalized Exponential Distribution. Basically the shock model and cumulative damage process is being used. Numerical illustration is also provided.
Full Text PDFOPPRESSIONS OF WOMEN IN ARUNDHATHI ROY’S THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS
S. Alphonsa Mary and V. Peruvalluthi
Abstract : In Indian sub-continent, growing protests against environmental destruction and struggles for survival and existence have highlighted the interconnections of feminist perspectives along with nature. Women have always been undervalued due to patriarchal assumptions. They have been tutored that their greatness lies in their sufferings and therefore, happiness of others is always prioritized to their own. This paper seeks to outline postcolonial ecofeminism in Arundhathi Roy’s The God of Small Things. I also argue that women’s relationship to the environment is ambivalent, thus disputing the dualism of nature/culture and yet straddling the grey area between these two binaries.
Full Text PDFDETERMINANT FACTORS TO DISCONTINUE THE ADOPTION OF IMPROVED OKRO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES BY FARMERS IN IVO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
C. I. Ezeano, S. I. Ume, C. C. Okeke and B. Gbughemobi
Abstract : Studies on the determinant factors to the adoption of agricultural technologies are abound but there is dearth of information on the factors that predispose farmers to discontinue the adoption of innovation. This is despite the vast proof of drastic decline in production yield statistics of many crops such as okra, notwithstanding the proven evidences of technologies transfer from research to the farmers. It is based on this premise that this study was carried out using variables such as attitude, extension visit, feedback provision, marketability and input availability. Totally, 120 okra farmers were randomly selected using multi stage random sampling technique for the study. Structured questionnaire and oral interview were used to obtain information from the respondents. Mean, Tobit model and gross margin analysis model analyses were used to address the objectives of the study. The results revealed that the determinant factors to the rejection of adoption of okra production technology by the farmers were attitude, feedback provision, marketability and input availability. Also, okra is profitable in the study area with positive net farm income of N265, 356 and gross margin of N266, 356. The recommendations proffered were the need to enhance farmers’ access to credit through commercial banks and microfinance banks. Furthermore, there is need to expose farmers to educational and extension programmes.
Full Text PDFSOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF BAMBOO HANDICRAFT WORKERS
T. Selvam
Abstract : Bamboo handicraft workers are people who produce products out of bamboo. They are classified as unorganized workers. This particular study deals socio-economic profile of them. It elaborates the social condition such as legal identity, memberships, participation in public contests, celebrations, accessibility, discrimination, health problems and their habits. Economic condition such as living house, possession of house, irrigative land, facilities, income, work availability, savings and loans. Environmental condition such as traditionalism, experience, working area, working hours, health condition and satisfaction. The study also explains the correlation among social, economical and environmental status of them. Further, it discusses the constitutional provisions for their welfare and it traces the means and ways to develop the socio economic condition.
Full Text PDFSOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANT FACTORS TO THE ADOPTION OF COCOYAM PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA
S. I. Ume, C. I. Ezeano, B. N. Onunka and T. C. Nwaneri
Abstract : The present study was aimed at addressing the problems of adoption of improved production technologies of cocoyam from socioeconomic point of view. This research was indispensable especially now that this crop is facing possible extinction in South East and other zones of the country where it serves as staple food and as well a cash crop. Purposive and multi stage random sampling techniques were used to select 120 farmers for the detailed study. Data, comprising information on the farmers’ socio – economic characteristics and other quantitative variables relevant to the study were collected using well structured questionnaire and personal interview. Descriptive statistics such as percentage response was used to address the farmers’ socio – economic characteristics and constraints to cocoyam production respectively, while the extent of adoption was captured using Tobit model analysis. The result shows that extension visit, cooperative membership; off farm income and educational level were the major determinants of extent of technology adoption of cocoyam in the study area. More so, the results revealed that the major constrains to the production of cocoyam were poor access to credit, high cost of labour, high cost of fertilizer and high cost of planting materials. Policies options aimed at increasing farmers’ access to fertilizer, educational programmes such as adult education, cooperative membership and extension contacts were proffered.
Full Text PDFEFFECTIVENESS OF ADRENALECTOMY ON OVARIECTOMIZE BITCH ON LEVEL PROGESTERONE HORMONE
Hanan G. Hashem, Tahir A. Fahid and Abdulbari A. Alfaris
Abstract : The present study was conducted about on bitches to affect the adrenal ectomy on ovariectomized to evaluated the level progesterone. Ten adult female dogs were used in the present study. The present study was done in October of 2015 - 2016 in December, the animals divided into two equal groups as: Control group and Unilateral adrenalectomy - ovariectomy group. All grouped examination at first month to determine pregnancy and estrous phase then treated according to dividable groups in proestrous phase, then the animals leaved to eight weeks later, after that the animal ware killed using over dose of anesthesia. The result revealed the average number of day of estrous of cycle of bitches (9.00±1.00) in proestrus phase with change colour of vulva slightily deep - deep pink). Average number of estrous phase (9.00±1.00) with change color vulva to deep pink and slight odema. The appetite and activity of animals observation before and after operation which normal before operation and show simple alterative in some days after operation but restore normal after operation. The level of progesterone hormone recorded significant (p≤ 0.005) decrease in period 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – 7 - 8 weeks in UADX - UOVE & Control group. The level of progesterone hormone in all period show significant (p≤0.005) decrease compare with control group. The levels of progesterone hormone were significant (p≤0.005) decrease in 3 to 6 weeks to compare UADX- UOVE & control group.
Full Text PDFTHE BIOLOGY OF PUMPKIN BEETLES, Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas) AND Aulacophora nigripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA
S. Sethuraman, T. Vivekananthan and T. Ramesh Kumar
Abstract : The present study was conducted to study the biology of pumpkin beetles, Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas) and Aulacophora nigripennis (Motschulsky) under laboratory condition. A. foveicollis female were laid an egg with a range of 67 to 98 eggs with an average of 82.50±5.20 and A. nigripennis 40 - 70 eggs laid per female. The oviposition period varied from 9 - 13 and 8 -12 days with an average of 10.67±1.2 and 10.00±0.76 days. In A. foveicollis the average length of egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and final instar larva and pupa length were 0.75±0.08 mm, 2.00±0.012 mm, 4.67±0.44 mm, 7.77±0.18 mm, 11.67±0.88 mm and 5.37±0.29 mm and the breadth were measured 0.60±0.03 mm, 0.41±0.06 mm, 0.65±0.08 mm, 0.83±0.09 mm and 2.07±0.18 mm 3.13±0.18 mm respectively. In A. nigripennis, the average length of egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and final instar larva and pupa were 0.67±0.06mm, 1.80±0.16mm, 3.75±0.88mm, 6.70±0.08mm, 9.20±0.20 mm and 4.50±0.38 mm and the breadth were measured 0.55±0.05 mm, 0.35±0.03 mm, 0.57±0.05 mm, 0.83±0.07 mm, 1.80±0.15 mm and 2.75±0.24 mm. The average of longevity of adult male and female A. foveicollis was 42.51±3.24 mm and 48.01±3.66 mm. In A. nigripennis 40.67±0.66 and 47.33±1.77 days respectively. The adult male and female A. foveicollis length and breadth was measured about 6.42±0.46 mm, 2.78±0.17 mm and 8.00±0.66 mm, 3.06±0.24 mm. In A. nigripennis adult male and female, length and breadth was measured about 6.00±0.68 mm, 2.50±0.23 mm and 7.70±0.66 mm, 2.85±0.23 mm. The present study clearly demonstrated that the length, breadth in different instars and adult A. foveicollis are somewhat bigger in size compare to A. nigripennis. The egg laying, oviposition period, incubation, hatching percentage and longevity of adult male and female was varied in both species.
Full Text PDFSINGLE CELL OIL PRODUCTION FROM Morococcus cerebrosus ISOLATED FROM MARINE SEDIMENTS
S. Brammavidhya and V. Karthika
Abstract : In the present study, the density of oleaginous microbes isolated from Vellar estuary area at Parangipettai was found to be 1.0 × 104 cfu/g. The oleaginous bacteria were stained with Sudan Black B and observed under an on oil immersion microscope for the presence of blue or grayish colored fat globules within the cells. The bacterial strains showing fat globules within the cells were selected for further studies. The optimized parameters for mass scale production were done to get maximum, growth and lipid accumulation. The use of cheaper substrate for the higher lipid production wheat bran gave high quantity of lipid yield (6.2 g/L) followed by rice straw (5.8 g/L). The fatty acids present in the bacterial culture was analysed by GCMS. The results revealed that the major fatty acids and derivatives were found with carbon backbone of C16 to C37 were produced.
Full Text PDFESTIMATION OF EXPECTED TIME TO SEROCONVERSION OF HIV INFECTED USING TWO PARAMETER BURR TYPE X DISTRIBUTION
K. Siva, C. Subramanian and R. Sathiyamoorthi
Abstract : The increase in the number of persons who are infected by HIV is a matter of concern for the society as well as for the government. HIV infection results in a number of diseases upon the infected. The HIV infection becomes more dangerous due to successive exposure like sexual contacts and sharing of needles which are HIV infected and blood transmission which is contaminated. So, several researchers found out many mathematical models regarding the antigenic diversity which is a vital factor in HIV infection. One such model to be estimate the expected time to seroconversion due to increasing antigenic diversity. A stochastic model is developed in this paper to estimate the expected time to seroconversion under the assumption that the antigenic diversity threshold is a random variable which follows Two Parameter Burr Type X Distribution. The shock model and cumulative damage processes approach is used for this purpose.
Full Text PDFSTUDIES ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF AMYLASE PRODUCTION BY Aspergillus sp.
J. Devanathan, A. Selvam, P. Tholkappiyan and N. Ramanathan
Abstract : Amylases are a group of important enzymes which are mainly employed in the starch processing industries for the hydrolysis of polysaccharides like starch into simple sugars. Amylases accounts for about 30 % of the world’s enzyme production. Due to wide range of application of amylases in various sectors like confectionary, baking, paper, textile, detergent and pharmaceutical many are gaining the attention of researchers. In the present study, the production of extracellular amylases was investigated employing our three laboratory isolates Aspergillus niger - I, Aspergillus niger - II and Aspergillus niger - III. The agricultural residual substrate, wheat bran was used for the enzyme production. Effects of various process conditions, namely: temperature, pH, supplementary carbon and nitrogen source on production of amylase have been studied and accordingly, optimum conditions have been determined. It was found that the amylase production was highest at 35 °C, pH 5.5, supplementation of carbon (starch at 2.0 %) and nitrogen source (yeast extract at 1.0 %) showed an increase in amylase production and the highest amount of amylase production obtained under all optimized conditions.
Full Text PDFULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF SUB CHRONIC NINETY DAYS NEUROTOXICITY OF TOCP (TRI ORTHO CRESYL PHOSPHATE) OF SPINAL CORDOF ADULT HEN
K. Majeed Saleh, E. Hadi Aula, A. Abd Alsamad Methaq and A. Al-Sereah Bahaa
Abstract : The study was done for 90 days to study the neurotoxicity of TOCP in adult hens. In 4 groups of 20 hens per group, untreated control with corn oil, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of TOCP in corn oil. Then, electron microscopic examination was done with presence of higher number of degenerate myelinated nerve fibers in white matter then in spinal cord of acute neurotoxicity of TOCP. Degenerated myelinated nerve fiber were characterized by presence of vacuolation of myelin, spheroid body formation of degenerate myelin and ovoid lamellated bodies of degenerate myelin also presence of dark stained degenerate lamellated mitochondria. Occasionally, oligodendrocyte showed showed evidence of autophagocytosis of degenerate myelin.
Full Text PDFSCREENING OF THE POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES PRODUCING BACTERIA ISOLATE FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN IRAQ
Maytham Ayuob Alhamdani and Nawres N. Jaber
Abstract : Soil, sediment and sewage samples collected randomly from different location in Basrah city screened for Polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHAs) using Sudan Black (B) and Nile blue staining plate assay, the isolates showed positive results. The bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing to the level of strain, there are twenty one isolates had an identity of 100 % with different strains of Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp. and Clostridium sp., the bacterial strains were screened for the presence of PHA synthase gene and the accumulation of PHA, the functional groups of extracted PHA granules were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF GRAPE SEED OIL ON ALTERATIONS OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND SEMEN FLUID QUALITY INDUCED BY DIAZINON IN MALE RATS
Muna H. AL-Saeed
Abstract : Diazinon (DZN) is one of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticides widely used in local market, can affect animals even after exposure to a single dose. Grape seed oil (GSO), may be rich in more efficient antioxidants. Therefore, the aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effect of grapes seed oil GSO in male rats exposed to diazinon at dose of DZN (50 mg/L) induced adverse effects on haematological and semen quality of male rats. The experimental 24 male albino rats were divided into four groups for 1 month. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grape seed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grape seed oil. Hematological such as Red blood corpuscles (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and hematocrit (Hct) showed significant reduction, while the value of white blood corpuscles (WBC) count was statistically increased in rats exposed to DZN. Hematological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grape seed oil. Moreover, the semen quality evaluations of the testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Also, animals were dissected and the reproductive organs (epididymus and testes) were taken to measure fertility indices, oxidative parameters and testicular biomarkers. The results indicated DZN decreased testes and epididymus weights for this dose. This effect was dose - related and should be associated with decline in epididymus sperm count, percent of sperm motility, viability and maturity and increased abnormal sperm morphology.
Full Text PDFIDENTIFICATION OF CLINICALLY RELEVANT POLYMORPHISMS IN GLIOBLASTOMA THROUGH INTEGRATED GENOMIC DATA ANALYSIS
G. Vikraman, A. C. Gomathi and R. Ananthalakshmi
Abstract : In the present study, Genomic abnormalities in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) were analysed using Galaxy Next Generation Sequence (NGS). This research particularly describe a robust gene expression based molecular classification of GBM into Proneural, Neural, Classical and Mesenchymal subtypes and integrate multidimensional genomic data to establish patterns of somatic mutations and DNA copy number. Gene signatures of normal brain cell types show a strong relationship between subtypes and different neural lineages. Additionally, response to aggressive therapy differs by subtype, with the greatest benefit in the Classical subtype and no benefit in the Proneural subtype. Then provide a framework that unifies transcriptomic and genomic dimensions for GBM molecular stratification with important implications for future studies.
Full Text PDFPHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Cleome viscosa L.
R. Vidhya and R. Umavandhana
Abstract : Cleome viscosa is an annual sticky herb belongs to the family of Capparidaceae and it is commonly known as “Wild mustard”. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant was reported to possess beneficial effects as an antihelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, antiscorbutic, febrifuge, anticancer and cardiac stimulant. In the present study, the phytochemical analysis and GC-MS analysis of Cleome viscosa leaf parts was conducted and the presence of various plant metabolites including alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, tannins saponinns, steroids, terpenoides and phenolic compounds was analyzed. The GC-MS results were noticed in the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was reported with molecular weight, retention time, peak area and molecular formula. The compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The plant Cleome viscosa was used in various industries and its applications includes wound healing, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and cancer preventive.
Full Text PDFANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Ricinus communis L. SOLVENT EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
S. Parimala and D. Sangeetha
Abstract : Plant cells are highly sophisticated chemical factories where a large variety of chemical compounds are manufactured with great precision and ease from simple raw materials at normal temperature and pressure. Plants are thus a very important renewable source of raw materials for the production of a large variety of chemicals. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of medicinal plant leaf extract Ricinus communis L. was investigated against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri and Enterobacter aerogenes). The methanol crude extract of plant leaves (300 mg/ml) showed zone of inhibition against the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The zone of inhibition obtained from the aqueous crude extract of medicinal plant against bacterial pathogens was comparatively very less when compared to the other solvent extracts. No zone of inhibition was seen in DMSO blind control. The positive control Ampicillin (20 µg) showed zone of inhibition against the tested bacterial pathogens.The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the medicinal plant was tested bacteria. The Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the medicinal plant was tested against various bacterial isolates. The best MBC value was recorded in the methanol extract at 600 nm when compared to other solvent extracts. Maximum bacterial growth was recorded against the aqueous extract.
Full Text PDFIn vitro ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Elytraria acaulis LINDAU (ACANTHACEAE) AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGENS
M. Manigandan and K. Kolanjinathan
Abstract : Currently the indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial agents has resulted in multiple drug resistance in human pathogenic microorganisms. To overcome the escalating problems associated with infectious diseases and drug resistance discovery of new antimicrobials is vital. Increased incidence of resistant in bacteria together with lack and high cost of new generation drugs has increased infection related morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Elytraria acaulis herb against the clinical pathogens. The Elytraria acaulis plant was collected; dried, powdered and serially extracted using the organic solvents in the Soxhlet apparatus and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by Disc diffusion method and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was analysed by Broth dilution technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanolic extracts of Elytraria acaulis showed maximum antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens and the MIC was ranged between 40 µg/ml to 5 µg/ml. The results obtained justified the antibacterial potential of the Elytraria acaulis against the clinically important pathogens. The bioactive compounds in the extracts will be helpful in herbal antimicrobial formulations.
Full Text PDFAUGMENTING DEAMINASE ACTIVITY OF Escherichia coli
Yehia A. Osman, Hagar Abass, Ahmed Elshobaky and Ahmed A. Razak
Abstract : Cytosine deaminase is an important component in the arsenal for cancer treatment, specifically in the strategy of the CD-Mediated Gene - Directed Enzyme/Prodrug Cancer Therapy. It deaminates one of the chemotherapeutic prodrugs, 5-flourocytosine and converts it into 5-flourouracil, which selectively increases the sensitivity of the cancer cells to the nontoxic prodrug than its active form (5-flourouracil) alone. This enzyme is produced by a variety of bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. However, increasing the gene dosage in Escherichia coli would raise the activity of this enzyme at least 2- folds due to the accumulation of the expression products of two copies of the same gene. Therefore, the gene encodes for this enzymes from a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) and its expression was optimized via Central Composite Design. The anticancer activity of the partially purified enzyme was tested against A-549 lung cancer cell line in presence of 5-flourocytosine. The purified enzyme showed a three - fold increase in cytotoxicity assay against the cancerous cells compared to traditional drug; 5-Flourouracil. In conclusion, gene dosage technology can augment the activity of natural enzymes and make it feasible to produce at large scale. This would contribute to reduce the price and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agent such as 5-flourocytsine.
Full Text PDFIn vitro STUDY FOR MIXED TRIPLE ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST LOCAL ISOLATE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE Staphylococcus aureus
Zahraa Abd Al Kareem, Rabab, J. H. AL-Hasseny and Abbas. K. Almansorri
Abstract : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various antibiotics and evaluate their in vitro potency against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus when they were used singly and in triple combination. The methods included the Muller-Hinton in agar method was utilized for the Well diffusion technique. During the course of this research, the following antibiotics were chosen at random: rifampin, vancomycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, imipenem, oxacillin, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. It was previously characterized in our laboratory as Methicillin - Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA. The Staphylococcus aureus isolate that was used in this work was isolated and identified from skin that had been affected by an abscess. The results of this study included a comparison between the antibiotics used in triple combination and each antibiotic used on its own to determine the potencies of the antibiotics. The best results were recorded inhibitory zone of vancomycin, tetracycline, and clindamycin was 42 millimetres in diameter when compared to other results that were obtained with antibiotics alone. However, the results that were obtained on MRSA isolates ranged from 0 to 40 millimeters in diameter when various triple combinations (63 combinations) were used.
Full Text PDFSEARCH FOR IRUMENI LED TO SACRED CHANK Turbinella pyrum AT GULF OF MANNAR AND PALK BAY IN PENINSULAR INDIA
Nather Khan Ibrahim
Abstract : Irumeni village is located at small protuberance which can be named Mandapam Peninsular, south-eastern shore of Peninsular India. This protuberance extends up to Pamban Island where the historic Rameswaram and cyclone destroyed no man land of Dhanushkodi is located which in turn connected to Mannar Island of Sri Lanka by narrow strip of intermittent coral ridges known as Adam bridge or Ramar bridge. This narrow strip of dividing barrier is flanked north by Palk Bay and south by Gulf of Mannar with several coastal villages. Most villages located closer to village Irumeni are bestowed with simple and easy to understand names but deciphering name Irumeni met with challenges and no one in the village know until now how it could have been emerged. As a result, an extensive interview and literature survey was carried out in order to identify origin of the name Irumeni. After almost 40 years of search and inconsistent efforts, precursor for the name Irumeni is discovered which led to variety of sacred chank belonging to species Turbinella pyrum which would have been known as Irumeni chank among the fishermen, skin divers and traders thus resulting and naming their new Muslim settlement as Irumeni. Alas! at last the linkage was established with special variety of the chank existed exclusively or predominantly at the coast of Irumeni many centuries ago before the Irumeni village was established. Interestingly the genius Muslim pioneers and settlers who migrated mostly from historic coastal village of Vedalai which located at the coast of Gulf of Mannar adapted then popular, site specific and resource linked vernacular name of the unique variety of sacred chank found in the coast of their new settlement between the holy town Rameswaram and estuary of Vaigai river south eastern coast of the Palk Bay resulting emergence of the village Irumeni approximately 300 to 350 years ago.
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